白腐真菌对染料的脱色与降解

利用白腐真菌对染料脱色和降解的过程机理及影响因素进行了较为系统的介绍,结果认为,白腐真菌对染料的脱色及降解作用可能主要是由于其在次生代谢阶段产生的木质素过氧化酶LIPs和锰过氧化酶MnPs所致。在培养基中加入黎芦醇等能够显著提高LIPs的产生;富氮培养基会抑制LIPs的生成;缓冲液的选择对维持适宜的pH值和菌丝的形态有一定作用,从而影响其脱色效果;富氧环境是一切白腐真菌对染料进行脱色和降解的必要条件;适度的搅拌混合有利于反应时的物质之间传递;一般地,在培养时间达到3d以后白腐真菌才能达到较高的脱色与降解活性。染料分子大小和结构及其基团的位置对脱色及降解效果有明显影响。使用特殊填料来提高处理系统中的生物量以克服真菌生长速度相对较慢,提高处理能力是该技术今后的研究重点。

Decolorization and Degradation of Dyes by White Rot Fungi

White rot fungi can efficiently decolor and degrade or even completely mineralize many kinds of dyestuff. In their secondary metabolic stages, many white rot fungi can produce a variety of enzymes such as LIPs and MnPs as well as some oxidants to carry out decoloring and degrading processes. Adding chemicals such as veratryl alcohol and Mn (II) into the cultivation media can activate LIPs and MnPs production, whereas adding thiourea, sodium azide and cyanide can evidently inhibit these enzyme producing. Many researches found that using sodium acetate and 2,2-DMS as buffer solutions could bring about much better decoloring and degrading results. Oxygen enriched conditions are necessary. Proper mixing or shaking would prompt LIPs and MnPs producing. Also, the dyestuff molecular weight and/or their structure greatly effect the white rot fungi activities. It is suggested that future works be focused on the practical application of this kind of bio-technology to industrial wastewater treatment through making use of some advanced technical alternatives.