酚类环境内分泌干扰物微生物降解研究进展

环境内分泌干扰物（EDCs）又名环境激素，具有类似激素的结构和效应，能够干扰生物体的内分泌系统，危害人类和动物健康。聚焦典型酚类EDCs，包括烷基酚（APs）、双酚类（BPs）和氯酚（CPs）的微生物降解研究。受污染的土壤、河流、沉积物或活性污泥中存在并可分离出能够有效降解酚类EDCs的细菌和真菌，这些降解菌在污染土壤或水体的生物原位修复，去除废水中酚类EDCs等方面具有良好的应用前景。系统综述了好氧和厌氧条件下酚类EDCs的降解功能菌及其降解途径，总结了酚类EDCs的降解功能酶和功能基因，包括参与羟化作用的单加氧酶和羟化酶、参与环裂解的双加氧酶和还原脱氯过程需要的还原脱卤酶等，旨在为推动高效削减酚类EDCs的微生物法技术创新提供科学依据。

Research Progress on Microbial Degradation of Phenolic Environmental Endocrine-Disruptors

Environmental endocrine disruptors（EDCs）， also known as environmental hormones， exhibit structures and effects similar to natural hormones， potentially disrupting the endocrine systems of organisms and posing significant health risks to both humans and animals.This paper focuses on the microbial degradationof typical phenolic EDCs， specifically alkylphenols（APs）， bisphenols（BPs）， and chlorophenols（CPs）. Effective degrading bacteria and fungi have been identified in contaminated soils， rivers， sediments， and activated sludge. These microorganisms hold great potential for bioremediation of polluted soils and water bodies， as well as for the removal of phenolic EDCs from wastewater. This paper systematically reviews the degrading microbes and their metabolic pathways under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It summarizes the degrading enzymes and functional genes involved， including monooxygenases and hydroxylases for hydroxylation， dioxygenases for ring cleavage， and reductive dehalogenases for reductive dechlorination. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the innovation of microbial methods aimed at the efficient reduction of phenolic EDCs.