不同物料堆肥过程中溶解性有机质和腐殖酸的物质结构演化时序差异分析

以提取鸡粪未添加菌剂（CM）、鸡粪添加菌剂（CMB）及餐厨垃圾（FW）堆肥过程中提取的溶解性有机质（DOM）和腐殖酸（HA）为研究对象，利用荧光光谱平行因子分析及二维相关光谱分析对DOM和HA的物质结构及转化时序进行表征。结果表明：DOM的腐殖化指数（HIX）表现为CMB>CM>FW，FW堆肥有机质的自生源特性更强，CMB堆肥有机质腐殖化程度最高。与堆肥时间相比，DOM和HA的光谱结构特性对堆肥种类的响应更强烈；3种堆肥的DOM中，类蛋白组分相对浓度整体表现为CM>FW>CMB，类腐殖质组分表现为CMB>FW>CM；HA中，类蛋白组分相对浓度为CM>CMB（FW），类腐殖质组分表现为CMB(FW)>CM。二维相关光谱表明：鸡粪堆肥中，DOM各组分演化时序为类胡敏酸>类酪氨酸>类色氨酸>类富里酸，HA各组分表现为类酪氨酸>类富里酸>类色氨酸；餐厨垃圾堆肥中，DOM各组分演化时序为类色氨酸>类酪氨酸>类富里酸，HA各组分表现为类胡敏酸>类酪氨酸>类色氨酸>类富里酸。适当的含水率有利于DOM中类腐殖质物质的生成，氨氮（NH₄ ⁺-N）浓度的降低与鸡粪堆肥DOM中类蛋白物质的降解以及腐殖化程度的增强有关，硝氮（NO₃ ⁻-N）浓度与类腐殖质组分呈显著正相关；水溶性有机碳（DOC）浓度和含水率的降低可能标志着堆肥过程中HA的腐殖化程度增强。

Analysis of the time series difference of the material structure evolution of DOM and humic acid during composting of different materials

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and humic acid (HA) were extracted from three composting processes of chicken manure without bacterial agent (CM), chicken manure with bacterial agent (CMB) and kitchen waste (FW). The material structure and transformation time sequence of DOM and HA were characterized by fluorescence spectrum parallel factor analysis and two-dimensional correlation spectrum analysis. The results showed that the humification index (HIX) value of DOM was CMB>CM>FW, FW compost had stronger autogenous source characteristics of organic matter, and CMB compost had the highest degree of organic matter humification. Compared to composting time, the spectral structural characteristics of DOM and HA had a stronger response to the type of compost; the relative contents of protein-like components in DOM of the three composts were CM>FW>CMB, and humus components showed CMB>FW>CM; the relative content of protein-like components in HA was CM>CMB(FW), and humus-like components showed CMB(FW)>CM. The two-dimensional correlation spectra showed that the evolution sequence of DOM components in chicken manure compost was as follows: humic acid-like>tyrosine-like>tryptophan-like>fulvic acid-like. The components of HA were as follows: tyrosine-like>fulvic acid-like>tryptophan-like; the evolution sequence of DOM components in kitchen waste was as follows: tryptophan-like>tyrosine-like>fulvic acid-like; the components of HA were as follows: humic acid-like>tyrosine-like>tryptophan-like>fulvic acid-like. Appropriate moisture content was conducive to the generation of humic-like substances in DOM. The decrease of ammonia nitrogen (NH4 +-N) content was related to the degradation of protein-like substances and the enhancement of humic degree in DOM, and nitro-nitrogen (NO3 −-N) content was significantly positively correlated with humic-like components. A decrease in water-soluble organic carbon (DOC) and water content may signal increased HA humification during composting.