喀斯特石漠化治理区农户适应能力研究

喀斯特石漠化治理区生态环境脆弱，经济发展水平低，该区域农户生计适应能力不仅关系到自身的利益，更影响其与生态环境可持续协调发展。以贵州省安顺市花江示范区为例，通过引入农户适应感知及可持续生计框架构建农户适应能力评价指标体系，采用主成分分析法，对509户农户适应能力进行定量评价及对比分析，探究其影响因素，并提出相应改进策略。结果表明：石漠化治理下花江农户对治理变化的感知能力表现为纯农户>农兼户>非农户>兼农户；花江农户适应能力整体呈现较低水平，兼农户和农兼户比纯农户和非农户适应能力强；影响花江农户适应能力的因素主要有物质和经济能力、人力和自然能力、石漠化治理考虑感知能力和生计多样化程度。通过改善农户的生计资本，增强其物质经济能力，提升受教育程度等措施，可提高喀斯特石漠化治理区农户适应能力。

Study on the adaptability of farmers in Karst rocky desertification control area

The adaptability of the farmers in Karst rocky desertification control area was explored, so as to promote farmers to adapt to environmental changes brought by rocky desertification control, and realize the sustainable and coordinated development of regional farmers and ecological environment. With Huajiang Demonstration Zone in Anshun City, Guizhou Province as an example, the evaluation index system of farmers' adaptability was constructed by introducing farmers' adaptation perception and sustainable livelihood framework. Besides, the adaptability of 509 farmers was quantitatively evaluated and compared through principal component analysis. The influencing factors were analyzed and the corresponding improvement strategies were given. The results showed that the perception ability of the surveyed farmers to the change of rocky desertification control was in the order of pure farmers > part-time farmers > non-farmers > multiple occupations farmers. As a whole, the surveyed farmers' adaptability to environmental changes brought by rocky desertification control was low. The multiple occupations farmers and part-time farmers had stronger adaptability than pure farmers and non-farmers. The main influencing factors affecting the adaptability of farmers in Huajiang included material and economic ability, human and natural ability, perception ability of rocky desertification control and diversification degree of livelihood. The adaptability of farmers in Karst rocky desertification control area could be improved by enhancing their livelihood capital, material economic ability and educational level.