“放管服”背景下规划环评与项目环评联动机制的构建

在“放管服”改革背景下，规划环评与项目环评的联动实践，重在简化规划所包含项目的环评内容和程序，但过于重视效率，不利于环评制度风险预防功能的实现。现行法律法规和国家层面政策文件中相关规定较为原则，各地在实践探索中联动条件、联动范围、简化内容、审批方式等均存在较大差异，规范统一的联动机制尚未形成。对此，基于规划环评与项目环评联动机制的构建机理，针对现有实践存在的问题，以《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》修改为契机，回归环评制度预防性规制的本质，明确联动机制的适用条件和范围，确定项目环评简化或强化的内容，回应环评审批改革实践可能存在的合法性质疑，建立自下而上的反馈和监督机制，从而为规划环评与项目环评联动机制提供法治化构建方案。

Construction of linkage mechanism between planning and project EIAs under the background of reform of "Decentralization,Regulation and Service"

Under the background of the reform of "Decentralization, Regulation and Service", the practice of linking planning EIA and project EIA focuses on simplifying the contents and procedures of the EIA of projects which are included in the planning, but too much attention on efficiency is not conducive to the realization of the risk precaution function of the EIA system. The relevant provisions in current laws, regulations and policies at the national level are relatively principled. In the local practice and exploration, there are major differences in the conditions and ranges of linkage, simplification of content and ways of approval, and the standardized and unified linkage mechanism has not yet been formed. Therefore, based on the construction mechanism of linkage between planning EIA and project EIA, aiming at the problems existing in the present practice, it was suggested that the opportunity should be taken to revise the EIA Law to make EIA return to the original precautionary essence, clarify the applicable conditions and scope of the linkage mechanism, determine the simplified or strengthened contents of the project EIA, respond to the legitimacy doubt about the reform practice of EIA, and establish a bottom-up feedback and supervision mechanism, which could provide a legal construction scheme for the linkage mechanism between planning EIA and project EIA.