厕所黑水源分离及其资源化技术研究进展与展望

厕所是日常生活的基本设施，在改善人类生活环境方面发挥了重要作用。厕所黑水主要由粪便和尿液组成，含有大量有机质和氮、磷等营养物质，其源分离与资源化处理逐渐成为一个亟待解决的环境和技术问题。通过文献调研和分析，梳理了厕所黑水源分离和资源化处理的主要技术路线。围绕厕所黑水源分离，综述了厕所黑水源分离新型便器设备及其应用范围；根据粪便废水和尿液的特点，系统总结了源分离后不同废水的分类处理与资源化技术的研究进展，揭示了厕所黑水的污染控制和碳、氮、磷的有效回收是目前的根本任务；最后，根据当前的研究与工程应用现状，总结了厕所黑水源分离与资源化技术评估及绿色发展、多种技术的合理组合、集中化智慧化运行管理等方面面临的挑战，并提出相关建议。研究旨在为因地制宜推广适宜的厕所黑水源分离及资源化技术的规模化应用提供理论依据和参考。

Research advances and prospects of source separation and recycling technologies of toilet black water

Toilets are the basic facilities of daily life, playing an important role in improving human living environment. Toilet black water mainly consists of feces and urine with a large amount of organics and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and its source separation and recycling are becoming an urgent environmental and technological issue. Through literature research and analysis, the main technical route of toilet black water source separation and recycling was sorted out. Focusing on the source separation of toilet black water, the new developed source separation equipment and their application scope were summarized. Based on the characteristics of fecal wastewater and urine, the research progress of main treatment and resource recycling technologies of different wastewater after source separation were analyzed systematically, and the fundamental tasks of pollution control and efficient recovery of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were revealed. Finally, the challenges on the assessment and green development of toilet black water source separation and recycling technologies, reasonable combination of multiple technologies, and centralized and intelligent operation and management were summarized and relevant suggestions were proposed, according to the current research and engineering application. This study aimed to provide theoretical basis and key reference for promoting the large-scale application of suitable source separation and recycling technologies of toilet black water in accordance with local conditions.