苏州市2022年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量及PM2.5 组分的影响

利用苏州市2022年春节期间（1月31日—2月6日）逐时气象数据、细颗粒物（PM_2.5 ）及其特征组分监测数据，分析春节烟花爆竹集中燃放对PM_2.5及其特征组分的影响。结果表明：烟花爆竹集中燃放时段，硫酸根离子（SO₄ ^2-）、氯离子（Cl^-）、钾离子（K⁺）、镁离子（Mg²⁺）、有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）的质量浓度均显著升高，与非集中燃放时段相比，分别增加了90.6%，783.3%，350.0%，371.4%，137.5%，150.0%；质量浓度增加最显著的金属分别为钡（Ba）、铜（Cu）、铬（Cr）、钾（K）、铅（Pb）、锡（Sn）、锰（Mn）、锑（Sb）、硅（Si）、锌（Zn）、铁（Fe）、砷（As）、镓（Ga）（按增幅由大到小排序）；烟花特征离子钡离子（Ba²⁺）在烟花集中燃放时段的数浓度峰值是非集中燃放时段的34.9倍，其余特征离子数浓度峰值也都为非集中燃放时段的8倍以上。烟花爆竹集中燃放显著提高了空气中各项污染物的质量浓度，并且在除夕和初五2个时段分别形成了2个污染高峰；污染物比值法（M/CO）定量评估结果表明，苏州市区PM_2.5 的贡献率为50.4%，显著低于辖属区县，表明禁燃措施具有一定成效；特征水溶性离子、OC、示踪性重金属的变化特征与PM_2.5 质量浓度变化特征吻合；污染物在线源解析结果表明，春节期间苏州市空气质量受烟花爆竹集中燃放影响显著。

Impacts of Firework Consumption on Air Quality and PM2.5 Components During The Spring Festival in Suzhou City in 2022

In this study， the hourly meteorological data， PM_2.5 and components data in Suzhou city during the Spring Festival in Suzhou in 2022（January 31 to February 6） were used to analyze the impacts of firework consumption on PM_2.5 and its components. The results showed： the average concentration of sulfate ion（SO₄^2-）， chloride ion（Cl^-）， potassium ion（K⁺）， magnesium ion（Mg²⁺）， organic carbon（OC）and elemental carbon（EC） have a large rising during the centralized discharge of fireworks， and increased by 90.6%，783.3%，350.0%，371.4%，137.5% and 150.0%， respectively， compared with the non-centralized fire period. The significant increase in concentration were Barium（Ba）， copper（Cu）， chromium（Cr）， potassium（K）， lead（Pb）， tin（Sn）， manganese（Mn）， antimony（Sb）， silicon（Si）， zinc（Zn）， iron（Fe）， arsenic（As）， gallium（Ga）（in descending order of increase）， the peak concentration of Ba⁺ which is one of the fireworks feature ion were more than 34.9 times during the centralized discharge of fireworks compared with the non-centralized fire period. And the peak concentration of other characteristic ions were more than 8 times that of non-concentrated discharge period. The centralized discharge of fireworks increases the concentration of gaseous pollutants significantly and two pollution peaks were formed on New Year‘s Eve and the day of the God of Wealth. The ratio method（M/CO） was used for quantitative evaluation and the result showed that the contribution rate of PM_2.5 was 50.4% in urban area of Suzhou， which was significantly lower than that of the counties under the jurisdiction of Suzhou. It shows that the ban on setting off fireworks has a certain effect. The variation characteristics of water-soluble ions concentrations and OC concentrations and fireworks feature heavy metals concentrations and were consistent with PM_2.5 concentrations. The results of online source profiles analysis also showed that the air quality in Suzhou during the Spring Festival was affected by centralized discharge of fireworks significantly.