渤海和黄海北部地区负积温资源的时空分布特征

论文以日平均气温≤-4℃的累积值和日数作为与海冰有关的气候指标,统计了渤海和黄海北部沿岸及其邻近地区52个气象站≤-4℃积温和日数的逐年资料,并根据52个气象站的气候指标值与经度、纬度、海拔高度的相关关系,建立空间分布方程,推算无资料海区中214个网格点的≤-4℃积温和日数,绘制渤海和黄海北部地区≤-4℃积温和日数分布图。研究结果表明:≤-4℃积温的空间分布呈现南北差异大、东西变化小的特征,-100℃等值线与渤海和黄海北部常年冰情分布范围大致相当;冰情较重的偏重低温年、严重低温年的≤-4℃积温保证率在黄海北部和辽东湾不超过40%,在渤海湾和莱州湾只有20%以下。

The characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of negative accumulated temperature in Bohai Sea and north Yellow Sea

Based on the climate indicators of the accumulated value of mean temperature≤-4℃and the number of days,the annual data of the accumulated temperature and days≤-4℃of52meteorological stations of Bohai Sea and north Yellow Sea are calculated.According to the cor-relativity of climate indicators with longitude,latitude and altitude,the equation of spatial distri-bution is established to calculate the accumulated temperature and days of214grids in the sea area which is short of data,and draw the contour maps of the accumulated temperature and days.The results show that the spatial distribution of the accumulated temperature≤-4℃has the characteristics of greater difference between South and North,and smaller difference between East and West.The distribution range of ice conditions in the normal year in Bohai Sea and north Yellow Sea is the same with the contour of-100℃.In relatively serious year and the seri-ous year the ensurance ratio of the accumulated temperature≤-4℃is less than40%,and those in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay are less than20%.