道路交通紧急救援服务点的优化选址

针对道路交通紧急救援对公平性、效率性、事故并发性的多目标决策需求,提出用于道路交通救援点选址的多目标决策模型。该模型通过最小化最大救援时间满足救援公平性;通过最大化一次覆盖的需求量和最小化救援点到需求点总加权时间满足救援效率;通过最大化备份覆盖的需求量满足事故并发与重大事故的救援。针对多目标决策模型,开发基于模拟退火法的优化解法,结合算例分析,能够获得减少最大救援时间、最大化一次覆盖和备份覆盖需求量的多个目标方向上最优解,实现pareto最优化的成功率均在95%以上。实例计算比较表明,笔者提出的模型与算法可以为决策者提供多目标选址方案。

Optimal Location of Emergency Rescue Service Site for Road Traffic Accidents

In view of the multi-objective decision requirements for fairness,efficiency and concurrency of accidents in road traffic emergency rescue,a multi-objective decision model is proposed to locate road traffic emergency rescue service site.In this model,the maximum rescue time is minimized to satisfy the rescue fairness;the rescue efficiency is satisfied through maximizing the one-time demands for service and minimizing the total weighted time of travel between rescue service site and traffic emergency site;the concurrency and rescue of severe accidents are met through backing up the coverage demands for service.To solve this model,an algorithm based on Simulated Annealing is developed.Analysis of examples shows that the multi-direction optimal solutions,which can reduce maximum rescue time,maximum one-time service coverage and maximum backup service coverage,can be achieved;meanwhile,the success rates of Pareto optimum are above 95%.As a result,the decision model proposed and the optimization algorithm developed can provide a multi-objective site selection scheme for decision makers.