船舶大气污染排放的研究进展

船舶是大气污染的重要来源,其排放的NOx占化石燃料源的15%左右,SO2占人为源的4%~9%。国内外从3个方向开展对船舶大气污染的研究:(1)对大气气候影响;(2)源清单计算;(3)排放因子测量。船舶排放的多种污染物可改变空气质量;对大气辐射收支产生直接和间接影响;对海洋大气的成云效应产生影响。船舶源清单主要有2种计算方法:基于燃料消耗的方法,适用于长时间大尺度计算;基于船舶活动情况的方法,适用于高空间分辨率计算。排放因子测量有台架试验和空中烟羽测量2种方法:前者测量结果准确,条件设定自由;后者可行性高,并能提供颗粒物增长转化信息。国内研究尚处于起步阶段,需要建立完整的船舶排放清单,开展排放因子的测试和修正工作。

Progress in Research of Air Pollution Emissions from Ships

This paper presented an overview of advances in air pollution from sources of ships with respect to the impacts of ship emission on ambient air quality and climate,calculation of ship source emission inventory and measurement of ship-emission factors.Fuel-based and activity-based methods were introduced,the former applied to large-scale and long-range calculation,while the latter could be used to calculation of high spatial resolution.In reference of measuring emission factors,methods of test rig and airborne plume measurement were described.As pointed out in the paper,considerable gaps in this field still exist between the developed countries and China,especially the needs of a complete inventory of ship source emissions and implementation of emission factors testing and correcting.