牛粪便资源化利用的研究进展

随着规模化养牛业的迅猛发展,由牛粪便带来的环境污染问题日益严重,主要涉及恶臭气体的污染、氮磷污染、药物、添加剂污染、有害病原微生物污染以及重金属元素污染等。牛粪便资源化利用主要遵循生态效益、积极效益和社会效益最大限度统一平衡的原则,努力实现物质最大化利用。文章综述了牛粪对环境污染的现状以及国内外利用牛粪便的主要资源化技术途径,包括能源化、肥料化、饲料化、食用菌栽培和蚯蚓生物分解处理等,分析探讨了各个资源化技术的优缺点,认识到单一技术存在的局限性,如粪便饲料化,可能存在中毒等安全隐患,高温好氧堆肥技术则主要针对固粪的处理。因而提出了多种牛粪便资源化技术有效结合,以发挥最大的经济和环境效益,实现资源的综合循环利用,同时对各个技术统筹结合的发展方向进行了展望。

Research Progress in Resource Utilization of Cattle Manure

Environmental nuisances caused by intensive cattle farms in the country which generate a huge amount of manure and technologies to utilize cattle manure as a sort of resource was reviewed in this paper.Current status of manure treatment and disposal involving energy regeneration,fertilizer utility,animal foodstuff,mushrooms breeding,and earthworm biological decomposition process were discussed.Drawbacks of some of the technologies were pointed out such as the health risk of feed production from feces,and the advantage of thermophilic aerobic composting process for solid manure handling was analyzed.Suggestions were made regarding the integrated measures taking into considerations of both of economical and environmental benefits and natural resource recycling in an extensive way.