林地生态用水亏缺的经济损失估算研究

以植被微观用水过程为核心,提出林地生态用水可划分为生理消耗性用水、生态消耗性用水和非消耗性用水.探讨了林地生态系统生态用水亏缺的生态效应,并基于绿色植物的光合作用机理和生态服务功能理论,界定了林地生态用水亏缺的损失内容,构建了林地生态系统生态用水亏缺的损失估算方法.以我国北方生态环境用水亏缺的典型地域--黄淮海地区为例进行了实例研究,结果表明,黄淮海地区由林地生态系统生态用水亏缺导致的经济损失约为99.115×108元·a-1,生态用水亏缺的经济损失率达到3.53元·m-3,远高于黄淮海地区单位国民经济用水量收益率、单位农业用水收益率和单位工业用水收益.

A Study on economic loss evaluation for the ecological water shortage of forestland

Focus on the plant's micro-water consumption process, the forestland ecological water were analyzed as physical consumptive water requirement, ecological consumptive water requirement and non-consumptive water requirement. Moreover, it was discussed the ecological effects of ecological water shortage of forestland. Based on the photosynthesis mechanism and ecosystem service theory, the loss items of the ecological water shortage of forestland were decided. The loss evaluation methods of forestland ecological water shortage were established according to different items. The methods were applied to Huang-huai-hai region as example, which is one of the representative regions of ecological and environmental water shortage in the north of China. The results indicate that the total economic loss is up to 99.115 billion Yuan and the loss rate is as high as 3.53 Yuan per cubic metre, which outclasses the income rate of economic water usage and agricultural water usage as well as the income rate of industrial water usage.