生态资产资本化:要素构成·运营模式·政策需求

构建生态保护市场体系是我国生态文明制度建设和环境保护体制改革的重要目标. 生态资产资本化运营是利用市场经济手段保护生态资源、改善生态环境质量,并直接或者间接创造利润的生态经济运作模式,与我国生态文明制度建设和环境保护体制改革目标具有高度统一性. 为推进生态资产资本化运营进程,通过全面分析、归纳、总结国内外生态资产资本化运营理论研究和案例实践成果,深入剖析了社会主体、生态客体、市场平台、技术动力和制度保障五大构成要素在生态资产资本化运作体系中的地位和作用；以此为前提,依据生态资产资本化运营的客体类型,探讨了深度开发生态产品增殖、优化配置生态资产共生增殖、交易生态资产权属、交易生态服务、产业化运营五大生态资产资本化模式,并结合我国生态环境状况与经济社会发展形势,从构建激励保障机制、建立监管约束制度和提升科技支撑能力三方面提出推进我国生态资产资本化运营的政策需求,以规避生态资产“过度资本化”的生态风险,实现经济社会与生态环境保护可持续、协同发展的目标. 

Research on Constituent Elements, Operation Modes and Political Demands for Capitalizing Ecological Assets

The construction of a marketing system for an ecological protection area is an important objective of institutional improvement of ecological civilization and structural reform of environmental protection. The operational mode of capitalizing ecological assets is to protect ecological resources and improve the environmental quality with commercial means to create profits by direct or indirect operational ways, which is highly consistent with the target of institutional improvement of ecological civilization and structural reform of environmental protection in China. To facilitate the operational progress of capitalizing ecological assets, the theoretical researches and practices of capitalizing ecological assets in China and abroad were analyzed and summarized, and the status and functions of five elements in the operational system of capitalizing ecological assets, including social subject, ecological object, market, technologies and institutional guarantee, were discussed. Then, the modes of capitalizing ecological assets were elaborated, such as in-depth exploration of ecological products, optimal configuration of ecological assets, ownership transaction, service trade and industrialization of ecological assets. Based on the consideration of Chinese environment and economics, some recommendations were offered, which included establishing safeguard mechanisms, constructing supervision systems and enhancing science and technology support. It is important to promote the development of Chinese capitalization of ecological assets while avoiding “over-capitalization”.