基于层次分析法的中原经济区流域水系统健康评价

为了在水资源与水环境双重制约下制订人水和谐发展的政策提供决策支持,以我国中原经济区这一重点开发区域为例,基于层次分析法构建了以水系统自然条件、水系统服务功能及人类活动影响三要素(共计20项指标)为基础的流域水系统健康评价体系,并以2011年作为评价年,将中原经济区的水资源二级区作为基本流域单元对水系统健康状况进行评价. 结果表明:中原经济区9个水资源二级区中,除了淮河上游水资源二级区(3.20分,完全健康状态为5.00分)为基本健康状态、汉江水资源二级区(2.77分)和三门峡至花园口水资源二级区(2.18分)为亚健康状态以外,其余水资源二级区(0.55~1.77分)均为不健康及极不健康状态. 分析显示,人类活动影响是影响中原经济区内各流域水系统健康状况的主要原因,人口众多、工农业开发活动强度大使得其对水资源需求巨大. 部分水资源二级区对地下水资源依赖程度较高,造成不同程度的地下水超采现象. 伴随着高强度水资源利用的是水污染物的高强度排放,部分河流水污染状况严重,甚至在局部地区造成了地下水污染. 这种不健康的状态在中原经济区内由南向北随着水系统自然条件和水系统服务功能的降低呈加重趋势. 

Evaluating the Health Condition of the River Basin Water System in China's Central Plains Economic Region Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process

Abstract: To provide decision-making support for harmonious development between human beings and water under the constraints of water resources and environment, a framework was developed using the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate the health condition of basin-level water systems. This method was applied to China''s Central Plains Economic Region, an important developing area in China. The evaluation considered both the natural conditions and service functions of the water systems, and anthropogenic influences as three components of the health condition. Nine second-grade units of regionalization of water resources of China were selected as units for evaluation. Based on data from 2011, an integration of the results of an assessment of 20 indices indicated that the upstream Huaihe River (score:3.20) was generally in a healthy condition (perfect health score:5.00). However, the Hanjiang River (score:2.77) and Sanmen Gorge to Huayuankou (score:2.18) were under sub-healthy condition, while all the other units (scores:0.55-1.77) were under unhealthy or very unhealthy conditions. One issue common to all nine units was that anthropogenic activities have major influence on the health conditions of the water systems. High population density and intensive industrial and agricultural development require considerable water resources. Some units rely highly on groundwater resources, and therefore excessive pumping of groundwater has occurred in some regions. In conjunction with intense exploitation of water resources, the generation of pollutants and their discharge into rivers have meant that several rivers have been heavily polluted, and even the pollution of groundwater has been observed in some regions. Because of reductions in the natural conditions and service functions of the water systems from south to north within the study area, the health condition of the water system has also correspondingly declined.