The Flood Pulse as the Underlying Driver of Vegetation in the Largest Wetland and Fishery of the Mekong Basin |
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Authors: | Mauricio E Arias Thomas A Cochrane David Norton Timothy J Killeen Puthea Khon |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand 2. New Zealand School of Forestry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand 3. Carbon and Commodities Program, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street N.W., P.O. Box 97180, Washington, DC, 20090-7180, USA 4. Faculty of Mathematics, Sciences and Engineering, Pannasastra University of Cambodia, No. 184, Maha Vithei Preah Norodom, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Abstract: | The Tonle Sap is the largest wetland in Southeast Asia and one of the world’s most productive inland fisheries. The Mekong River inundates the Tonle Sap every year, shaping a mosaic of natural and agricultural habitats. Ongoing hydropower development, however, will dampen the flood pulse that maintains the Tonle Sap. This study established the current underlying relationship among hydrology, vegetation, and human use. We found that vegetation is strongly influenced by flood duration; however, this relationship was heavily distorted by fire, grazing, and rice cultivation. The expected flood pulse alteration will result in higher water levels during the dry season, permanently inundating existing forests. The reduction of the maximum flood extent will facilitate agricultural expansion into natural habitats. This study is the most comprehensive field survey of the Tonle Sap to date, and it provides fundamental knowledge needed to understand the underlying processes that maintain this important wetland. |
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Keywords: | Cambodia Ecohydrology Wetlands Tropical floodplain vegetation |
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