Implementing the hydrogen economy |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Iceland, Iceland;2. Icelandic New Energy, Borgartun 37, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland;1. University of Strathclyde, Institute for Energy and Environment, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW, United Kingdom;2. Keilir Institute of Technology, Keilir – Atlantic Center of Excellence, Gra enasbraut 910, 235 Reykjanesbaer, Iceland;3. University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5711, USA;1. Industrial Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;2. Electrical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;3. Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;1. Centre for Social Research, University of Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, UK;2. Centre for Integrated Energy Research and Sustainability Research Institute, Energy Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;3. Centre for Transport & Society, Faculty of Environment and Technology, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;4. Institute for Environmental and Sustainability Communication (INFU), Leuphana University Lüneburg, Scharnhorststraße 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany;1. Community College, Mechanical Engineering Technology, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba''i University, Tehran, Iran;4. Faculty Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, 90110 Songkhla, Thailand;5. Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, 90110 Songkhla, Thailand;6. Industrial Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;7. Department of Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan;8. Department of Mathematics and Cybernetics, Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;1. Industrial Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran;2. Faculty of Social Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran |
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| Abstract: | In the Icelandic community the use of renewable energy and the tests with a clean domestic fuel that most people refer to as the fuel of the future have become the points of focus. In Reykjavik this future has arrived. Hydrogen is used currently as the energy carrier within the public transportation system and is electrolyzed from water with hydroelectric power and leaves the system as water again.A small collaboration platform, Icelandic New Energy Ltd (INE), has been working on projects related to hydrogen as an energy carrier since 1999. A number of projects and feasibility studies are currently being carried out in Reykjavik, revolving around the issue of making hydrogen domestically from water and renewable energy (hydro and geothermal power), abundant local resources.In April 2003 the first electrolytic hydrogen production, compression and filling station was inaugurated in Reykjavik. The refueling station is designed to be open to public services. The hydrogen station is a delivery to be tested within the project ECTOS, the Ecological City Transport System — a fuel cell bus demonstration running between 2003 and 2005. A socioeconomic and environmental research methodology has been established and followed for three years now. The outcomes of ECTOS are needed to establish the basis of further decisions of integrating hydrogen into societal functions. Amongst the undertakings is a forecast for the scale and costs of the essential infrastructure. General surveys have shown that Icelanders have a high general acceptance towards using hydrogen as a fuel for the transportation sector and fishing vessels. Therefore it is presumed that hydrogen fuel stations need only to be established in a limited number before hydrogen fuel vehicles can be introduced in the public market. Yet, a realistic time-frame depends on the hands-on experience, the performance and availability of the equipment in the market. In 2005 the outcomes and experiences from the ECTOS project will be published. |
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