我国城市生活垃圾回收利用率测算及其统计数据收集对策

我国将生活垃圾分类收集定位为重要民生工程和生态文明建设的工作内容,并对实施生活垃圾强制分类的示范城市明确提出了"生活垃圾回收利用率"的绩效考核目标。由于城市生活垃圾处理和再生资源回收利用由不同职能部门负责管理,不同来源的生活垃圾回收利用统计数据未有效整合,目前还缺乏我国城市生活垃圾回收利用率指标测算的相关研究。本文界定了"生活垃圾回收利用率"的科学内涵,并以城市建设、再生资源利用等统计资料和物质流分析文献为基础,初步测算了全国尺度的城市生活垃圾回收利用率。研究表明,我国2006—2015年的城市生活垃圾回收利用率从12.1%上升至17.0%,然后又缓慢下降至15.6%,由于数据缺乏,该数值可能在-28%~+32%波动。生活垃圾中回收利用量较大的可再生资源分别为废纸、废塑料、废钢铁、废玻璃等。本文还分析了目前测算生活垃圾回收利用率的数据不确定性和局限性,提出了面向生活垃圾分类管理实际评价的统计数据收集对策。

Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Rate and Its Statistic Data Collecting Strategy in China

Chinese government determined to list municipal solid waste (MSW) source separation as a crucial work to promote people''s well-being and eco-city development. Recently, the central government put forward an indicator, known as the municipal solid waste recycling rate, to assess the performance of the local governments who are going to promote MSW source separation. However, MSW was under the governance of several departments in China, the statistics for MSW disposal and MSW recycling are not well integrated, therefore, it''s difficult to get an accurate assessment of this indicator at city-level based on current statistics. In this work, the concept of the indicator was defined, and the MSW recycling rate in China between 2006 and 2015 was roughly assessed by use of the MSW disposal data, secondary material recycling and production data, and several material flow analysis literatures. We found that it increased from 12.1% to 17.0%, and then decreased slowly to 15.6% in recent ten year, while the indicator may vary by -28%~+32%. The quantities of recycled paper, plastic, metal, and glass were higher than other types of wastes. Recycled quantities of plastic, aluminum, and lead increased much more rapidly than other recyclables; differently, recycled quantities of steel and glass were increased very slowly; while the quantity of landfilled and incinerated MSW was increased fast during the recent ten years. Limitations of current statistics, as well as the strategy on improving data-collecting method, were also discussed in this study.