Comparison of different multielement techniques for analysis of mosses used as biomonitors |
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Authors: | Eiliv Steinnes Oddvar Johansen Oddvar Røyset Magne Ødegård |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Chemistry, University of Trondheim, AVH, N-7055 Dragvoll, Norway;(2) Institute for Energy Technology, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway;(3) Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 64, N-2001 Lillestrøm, Norway;(4) Geochemical Division, Geological Survey of Norway, P.O. Box 3006, Lade, N-7002 Trondheim, Norway |
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Abstract: | Mosses are used as biomonitors on a regular basis to study trends in the atmospheric deposition of trace elements in Norway. In this paper the analytical scheme used so far, based on a combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry (INAA/AAS) is compared with inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-ES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ICP-ES provided satisfactory data for nearly 20 elements, but detection limits were inadequate for some elements of importance. For ICP-MS quantitative data were obtained for 33 elements including the heavy metals of key interest in air pollution studies. In most cases where comparison was possible the ICP-MS data compared favourably with data obtained by the reference scheme or by ICP-ES. On the basis of this study ICP-MS is considered to be an equivalent alternative to INAA/AAS in multielement studies using mosses as biomonitors. In addition ICP-MS offers some promise for the study of elements such as Be, Ga, Mo, Te, Tl, and Bi, for which very little information exists regarding their behaviour as air pollutants. |
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