水资源生态足迹消费账户及其计算模型——以西安市为例

依据目前对水资源功能和水资源生态足迹理论的认识,把水污染消费纳入水资源消费账户,建立水资源生态足迹框架体系及其计算模型.应用模型对西安市2001-2007年的水资源生态足迹进行计算,并采用规模、结构和比较方法对计算结果进行分析.结果表明,西安市对废水污染较酸雨污染的治理力度大;废水污染、农业用水和酸雨污染在水资源生态足迹中所占比例较大,是各年的主要贡献者,而对水资源生态足迹整体下降量贡献最多的是废水污染(0.548 9 hm~2/人)和农业用水(0.031 9 hm~2/人);除个别年份外,水产品消费所占比例整体呈增大态势,生活用水、生产用水和其他用水所占比例变化较小.针对分析结果,提出了支持西安市可持续发展的水资源对策,包括调整水资源管理重点,拓宽和加大废水治理范围和深度,严格执行节能减排政策以及提高工农业用水效率等.

Water resource consumption statistics and calculation model for eco-environment footprint-A case study of Xi'an City

Based on the function of water resources and theories of water resources ecological footprint, this paper is aimed to introduce a water resource ecological footprint framework system and calculation model for eco-environmental footprint by taking Xi'an City as a case study. In proceeding with our work, we have also calculated the water resource ecological footprint while studying the statistical data of Xi'an City between 2001 to 2007 with the above said model and the methods of scale, structure and comparison as our stressful tools. The results of our study reveal that more attention we have so far attached to is the treatment of wastewater pollution but less attention is paid to the acid rain pollution control in Xi'an. Besides, sewage, farming sewage irrigation and acid rain pollution prove to be the three main consumption items in the water resource ecological footprint in the city. Statististically speaking, sewage pollution accounts for 0.548 9 hm~2/person, whereas that used for farming irrigation takes 0.031 9 hm~2/person, which constitutes the two most significant consumption ways of the water resources ecological footprint on the contribution of the declining water quantity in the landmass;the proportion of aquatic products consumption in water resources eco-footprint are ever-increasing on the whole in Xi'an paticularly for the recent few years, while the proportion of domestic water consumption has been found with no much change in producing sewage in comparison with other water consumption channels in water resources ecological footprint. According to the above findings, a series of sustainable development countermeasures against water resource waste are proposed in this paper, including adjustment of water resources management stress, enlargement and strengthening of wastewater treatment in width and depth, rigid enforcement of energy-saving and environmental protection policy, and improvement of industrial water and agricultural water consumption with efficiency stress, etc.