复方阿苯达唑/伊维菌素及其单药的体内外致突变性研究

农业生产上常用的阿苯达唑和伊维菌素均有一定的致突变性。为了解伊维菌素和阿苯达唑按1:24形成固定剂量复方的致突变性,以及复方和单药致突变性的差异,采用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验和小鼠精子畸变试验进行复方阿苯达唑/伊维菌素及其单药的致突变性研究。结果表明,复方阿苯达唑/伊维菌素能提高小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞的微核率和精子畸形率,但在单复方的比较中发现,单药的微核率和精子畸形率均高于复方,表明复方毒性有所降低。同时,无论是复方还是单药均不能提高组氨酸缺陷型沙门氏菌的突变率。以上表明,虽然复方阿苯达唑/伊维菌素致突变毒性低于单药,但仍然是一种能引起小鼠骨髓微核率和精子畸形率升高的致突变阳性药物,因此需警惕该药物的食品残留问题及对生态环境的危害。

Mutagenic Effects of the Combination and Its Components of Albendazole and Ivermectin in vivo and in vitro

Albendazole and ivermectin, common antiparasitic drugs widely used in livestock production, are showed mutagenic effects in some extent. The mutagenic effects of the combination (1:24) and its components of ivermectin and albendazole were investigated by utilizing Ames test, mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and mouse sperm aberration test. We found that the micronucleus frequency of bone marrow and the frequency of sperm abnormality were increased in mice treated with the combination. In comparison with the combination, the mice treated with ivermectin or albendazole showed higher rate of micronucleus frequency and sperm abnormality than the combination. However, there were no changed in the salmonella mutagenicity test in the combination and its components. The results indicated that the combination of albendazole and ivermectin (1:24) caused a certain degree mutagenic effects, but there were lower mutation frequency than its components separately. Therefore, it is to pay special attention in the drugs residues on food and the hazards in ecological environment.