三丁基锡和菲对鳗鲡的毒性效应（Toxic Effects of Tributyltin and Phenanthrene on Eels）

采用腹腔注射方式(每周1次,共5次)将生活于淡水或海水中的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)暴露于三丁基锡氯化物(TBTCl)和菲(Phe),以研究这两种污染物对鳗鲡的毒性效应以及该效应与鱼体所处环境盐度的关系.鳗鲡暴露于TBTCl或Phe1w后,其肝脏和脾脏的组织结构就已发生明显病变,且病变程度随着暴露时间的延长而加剧,其中海水鳗鲡比淡水鳗鲡表现更为严重;但肝体指数(HSI)和性腺组织结构均无明显变化.暴露于TBTCl4～5w后,海水鳗鲡肝脏的谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性比对照组显著升高,而淡水鳗鲡组无明显变化;暴露于TBTCl或Phe3w后,淡水鳗鲡的血浆皮质醇水平显著升高,但海水鳗鲡组无明显变化.TBTCl和Phe对淡水或海水鳗鲡的血浆雌二醇(E2)水平均无明显影响.以上结果表明:有机锡和菲对鳗鲡的肝脏、脾脏有毒性作用,对皮质醇分泌具有内分泌干扰作用,且该效应与暴露时间和鱼体所处环境盐度有关.

Toxic Effects of Tributyltin and Phenanthrene on Eels

In order to investigate the toxic effects of tributyltin chloride(TBTCl)and phenanthrene(Phe)on Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and their relationship with ambient salinities,TBTCl and Phe were administered via the intraperitoneal injection(once a week and five times in total)to the eels which were cultured in freshwater or seawater.After the eels were exposed to TBTCl or Phe for one week,obvious histopathological changes were observed in liver and spleen,and the symptoms in seawater eels were more serious than those in freshwater eels and were aggravated with exposure duration in five weeks;however,changes were not obvious either in hepatosomatic indexes(HSI) or in gonadal microstructure.Compared with that in the respective control groups,obvious increase of hepatic glutathione-S-transferase(GST)activity was observed in seawater eels but not in freshwater eels after 4～5 weeks’exposure to TBTCl,and that of plasma cortisol levels were detected in freshwater eels but not in seawater eels after 3 weeks’exposure to TBTCl or Phe.TBTCl or Phe had no obvious effect on plasma estradiol levels in either freshwater or seawater eels.The results demonstrate that both TBTCl and Phe have toxic effects on liver and spleen,and display endocrine disruption effects on cortisol secretion in eels,but the effects are related to exposure duration and water salinity.