汽车用聚合物材料火灾燃烧特性研究

为研究车用聚合物材料的燃烧特性，并对材料的火灾危险性进行全方位的评估，采用锥形量热仪，对汽车上常用的ABS，PP-PVC，PVC革-无纺毡以及无纺布-PVC聚合物材料进行分析表征，测得点燃时间、热释放速率、总热释放量、质量损失速率、烟气生成速率等参数。结果表明:ABS材料的点燃危险性相对最低，PVC革-无纺毡材料相对最高；随热辐射强度的增加，各样品的热释放速率和烟气生成速率明显加快；结合热释放速率峰值、均值和总热释放量可知，无纺布-PVC材料的热危险性相对最低；结合烟气生成速率和总烟释放量可知，ABS材料的发烟危害性相对最高，无纺布-PVC的相对最低；综合比较各样品的FGI和FPI值，安全等级由高到低依次为ABS，PP-PVC，PVC革-无纺毡，无纺布-PVC。

Study on fire combustion characteristics of polymer materials for automobiles

In order to study the combustion characteristics of polymer materials for automobiles and conduct a comprehensive assessment on the fire hazard of the materials,the polymer materials commonly used in automobiles including ABS,PP PVC,PVC leather nonwoven felt and nonwoven fabric PVC were analyzed and represented,and the ignition time,heat release rate,total heat release,mass loss rate,smoke production rate and other parameters were measured by using the cone calorimeter.The results showed that ABS material had the lowest ignition hazard,while PVC leather nonwoven felt material was relatively the highest.With the increase of heat radiation intensity,the heat release rate and smoke production rate of each sample significantly accelerated.Combined with the peak and mean value of heat release rate and the total heat release,it could be seen that the thermal hazard of nonwoven fabric PVC material was relatively the lowest.Combined with the smoke production rate and total smoke release,the smoke hazard of ABS material was relatively the highest,while that of nonwoven fabric PVC was relatively the lowest.The FGI and FPI values of each sample were comprehensively compared,and the safety level of them from high to low was ABS,PP PVC,PVC leather nonwoven felt,and nonwoven fabric PVC.