公共建筑人群疏散流线负荷的拓扑解析模型研究*

为寻找公共建筑人群疏散极端负荷流线，构建疏散流线负荷的拓扑解析模型。首先，通过分析建筑空间布局的构成要素，引入移动空间、障碍空间、移动节点等概念，构建公共建筑疏散空间的拓扑网络；其次，定义节点最迟疏散结束时刻、节点最早疏散开始时刻等时间参数，以某时刻作为初始状态，计算疏散网络节点时差，构建极端负荷流线的拓扑解析模型，探析公共建筑人群疏散流线拥堵特征；最后，采用Agent技术对某会展中心人群疏散流线负荷模型进行仿真分析。研究结果表明:流线的拓扑网络节点总时差反映了流线负荷分布特征，人群疏散的极端负荷流线符合拓扑解析模型结果，能为公共建筑人群疏散方案的制定提供理论依据。

Study on topological analysis model of streamline load for crowd evacuation in public buildings

In order to find the streamline of extreme load for the crowd evacuation in public buildings,a topological analysis model of streamline load for evacuation was constructed.First,the topological network of evacuation space in public buildings was constructed through analyzing the constitution elements of architectural space layout and introducing the concepts of moving space,obstacle space and moving nodes；Second,the time parameters such as the latest evacuation end time of the node and the earliest evacuation beginning time of the node were defined,and taking a certain time as the initial state,the time difference of the evacuation network nodes was calculated.A topological analysis model on the streamline of extreme load was constructed,and the congestion characteristics of crowd evacuation streamline in the public buildings were analyzed;Last,the Agent technology was used to simulate and analyze the streamline load model of crowd evacuation in a convention center.The results showed that the total time difference of topological network nodes of the streamline reflected the distribution characteristics of streamline load.The streamline of extreme load of the crowd evacuation conformed to the results of the topological analysis model,which can provide theoretical basis for formulating the crowd evacuation plan of public buildings.