高海拔地区在役混凝土桥梁安全预警研究*

为准确评估高海拔地区在役混凝土桥梁的安全状况，对后续的运营及维修加固提供可行方案，采用模糊物元可拓理论对高海拔地区在役混凝土桥梁进行安全预警研究。首先分析混凝土桥梁结构特点及主要病害，结合高海拔地区特殊的地理环境对混凝土桥梁的影响，参考相关规范和高海拔地区桥梁安全事故的调研资料，确定出高海拔地区在役混凝土桥梁安全预警指标体系；采用组合赋权法中的“乘法”集成法，将G1法确定的主观权重和变异系数法确定的客观权重相结合，确定安全预警指标的综合权重；基于物元理论和可拓集合理论建立高海拔地区在役混凝土桥梁安全预警模型，运用模糊综合评判法确定桥梁的安全预警级别，判断出桥梁的安全状况，并给出相应的处理措施。最后通过实际案例，验证该方法的实用性和合理性。结果表明，该方法能够对我国高海拔地区在役混凝土桥梁进行安全预警。

Study on safety early-warning of in-service concrete bridges in high-altitude areas

In order to accurately evaluate the safety status of in-service concrete bridges in the high-altitude areas and provide the feasible scheme for the follow-up operation,maintenance and reinforcement,the fuzzy extension theory was adopted to conduct the safety early-warning research on the in-service concrete bridges in the high-altitude areas.Firstly,the structural characteristics and main diseases of concrete bridges were analyzed.Combined with the influence of special geographical environment on the concrete bridges in the high-altitude areas,the safety early-warning index system of in-service concrete bridges in the high-altitude areas was determined by referring to relevant regulations and the investigation data of bridge safety accidents in the high-altitude areas.By using the“multiplication”integration method in the combination weighting method,the comprehensive weights of early-warning indexes were determined by combining the subjective weights determined by the G1 method with the objective weights determined by the variation coefficient method.Based on the matter-element theory and extension set theory,a safety early-warning model for the in-service concrete bridges in the high altitude areas was established,and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to determine the early-warning levels of bridges.The safety status of bridges was judged,and the corresponding treatment measures were put forward.Finally,the practicability and rationality of the method were verified by the practical cases,and the results show that the method can give early warning for the in-service concrete Bridges in high-altitude areas of China.