考虑受灾点需求时间窗的应急物资配送车辆路径规划研究

为解决灾后应急物资亟待配送到灾区的现实问题，提高应急物资配送效率，考虑灾区对应急物资的需求紧迫程度的差异，建立软硬时间窗综合约束情况下以应急物资配送的总延迟时间最短、软时间窗的惩罚成本最小、硬时间窗的不满足个数最少为目标的应急物资车辆配送路径方案生成模型。前期对路网数据预处理，形成配送中心到受灾点的多对多时间最短路径集合，后期根据目标和约束进行模型构建，并利用遗传算法求解。引入算例分析对模型的有效性进行验证。结果表明:该模型可综合考虑软硬时间窗的影响，形成高效的应急物资车辆路径配送方案，可对灾后整体的应急方案制定提供帮助，具有较好的可行性和现实意义。

Research on route planning of emergency materials distribution vehicles considering time window of requirements by disaster point

In order to solve the practical problem that the emergency materials need to be delivered to the disaster area urgently after the disaster,and improve the efficiency of emergency materials distribution,considering the difference in the urgency of the requirements for emergency materials by the disaster area,a generation model for the distribution route scheme of emergency materials vehicles under the comprehensive constraints of soft and hard time window was established,which took the shortest total delay time of emergency materials distribution,the lowest penalty cost of soft time window and the minimum non-satisfaction number of hard time window as the objects.In the early stage,the road network data was preprocessed to form a multi-to-many shortest time route set from the distribution center to the disaster point,and in the later stage,the model was constructed according to the objects and constraints,and the solving was carried out by using the genetic algorithm.The effectiveness of the model was verified by the analysis of example.The results showed that the model could comprehensively consider the influence of soft and hard time window,thus form an efficient distribution route scheme of emergency materials vehicles.It can provide assistance for the formulation of overall emergency plan after the disaster,and has high feasibility and practical significance.