正面碰撞事故中大客车乘员损伤影响因素分析

为研究乘客在大客车正面碰撞事故中的损伤机理，建立某全承载大客车有限元模型，并通过试验验证有限元模型的仿真精度。基于验证模型对不同碰撞速度条件下大客车车身结构力学响应、生存空间、座椅固定件强度、乘员运动响应和损伤等进行综合分析及评价。结果表明:高速碰撞条件下，驾驶员生存空间容易被侵入，座椅固定件强度存在失效的风险；乘员头部、颈部和胸部的损伤值受碰撞速度、安全带类型和乘员位置影响较大；三点式安全带保护效果明显优于两点式安全带。

Analysis on influencing factors of coach occupants injury in frontal crash accident

To study the damage mechanism of occupants in the frontal crash accidents of coaches,a finite element model of an integral coach was built,and its simulation accuracy was verified by the tests.On this basis,the comprehensive analysis and evaluation on the body structure mechanical response,living space,seat anchorage strength,occupants motion response and injury of the coach under different crash speed conditions were carried out.The results showed that the driver’s living space was easy to be invaded and the strength of seat anchorage had the failure risk during a high speed crash.The injury values of the head,neck,and chest of the occupants were greatly affected by the crash speed,the type of safety belt and the occupants’ positions,and the protective effect of the three point safety belt was obviously better than that of the two point safety belt.