江河入海径流通量监测技术研究

江河入海径流通量是影响流域排海污染物通量的关键参数，也是实施污染物入海通量监测的技术难点。本文对江河入海径流通量监测的两项关键技术，即监测断面设置方法和流态监测技术方法进行重点研究。通过比对河口的河流段、过渡段和潮流段地理位置以及水动力特征，分析在不同河段设置入海径流通量监测断面的可行性。同时，研究分析入海河流过渡段流态监测的4种方法即代表点、代表层、代表垂线和组合式测流法的技术特点及适用条件。最后以闸坝影响、过渡段、地形复杂和水深较浅的辽河在线监测试验基地为案例，利用其2016年丰水期在线连续监测数据，对入海径流通量监测方法进行了验证。结果表明该方法可以较为准确地反映江河入海径流通量的状况，研究成果可为我国江河污染物入海通量监测提供技术支撑。

Study on the monitoring technology of the runoff into the sea

The flow volume of the river into the sea is a key parameter affecting the fluxes of pollutants discharged from the river to the sea, and is as well a technical difficulty in the monitoring of pollutants entering the sea. In view of the problem that the total amount of pollutants in the river is unknown, this paper focuses on the two key technologies affecting the monitoring the runoff flux into the sea, that is, the monitoring section setting and the flow monitoring techniques. We analyzed the practicability of the setting of the monitoring sections in different channel segments through comparing with the geographical and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the estuarine river section, transition section and tidal current section. In addition, this paper investigated the four methods including representative points, representative layers, representative vertical and combined flow which are currently used of monitoring the flow pattern in the transition section of the river into the sea. At last, taking the Liaohe River under the conditions the influence of the gate dike, the transition section, the complex terrain and the shallow water depth as a case, we validated the method based on the monitoring data in the marine environment online monitoring test sites during the classic wet season in 2016.The result suggests that this method can accurately reflect the flow of rivers into the sea, and then can provide the technology support for monitoring the pollutions from the rivers into the sea in China.