典型冶炼行业场地土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源解析

以韶关某冶炼厂为冶炼行业典型工业区,对冶炼厂区内土壤中的Cd、Pb、Hg、Sb、As、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni等9种重金属元素的总量和有效态含量进行了测定,利用ArcGIS 10.2进行了冶炼厂地土壤中重金属空间分布的插值分析,采用的污染状况评价方法有单因子污染指数法、富集因子法和潜在生态危害指数法,重金属来源分析方法有...

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Soil Heavy Metals at Typical Smelting Industry Sites

Taking a smelter in Shaoguan as a representative site of a typical industrial zone for the smelting industry, the total and bioavailable concentrations of nine heavy metal elements Cd, Pb, Hg, Sb, As, Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni, and their spatial distributions in the soil of the smelter were studied, the latter through the interpolation analysis functionality of ArcGIS 10.2. The pollution status evaluation methods included the single factor pollution index, enrichment factor, and potential ecological hazard index methods; the analysis methods of heavy metal sources included correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the single factor index values of Cd and As were 1.50 and 2.13, indicating light pollution; the single factor index of Pb was 5.58, indicating heavy pollution. The enrichment factors of As, Hg, and Zn were 3.73, 10.4, and 22.4, indicating moderate pollution, heavy pollution, and severe pollution, respectively; the enrichment factors of Cd and Pb exceeded 40, indicating extremely heavy pollution. The bioavailable form contents of Pb and Cd comprised a relatively high ratio of the total amount, ranging from 0.57%-46.0% and 0.87%-69.2%, respectively, followed by Zn and Cu. However, the mass fractions of Hg, Sb, Ni, As, and Cr were all less than 5%. The spatial distribution of the potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in the study area showed a trend from low to high, with a decreasing trend from west to east. The index at the northern point was significantly higher than at other points, indicating potential local leakage. The spatial distribution of Hg and Sb was different from that of other elements, being higher in the central area and lower in the eastern and western areas. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis results showed that the correlations between Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were significant, and the main source was inputs from industrial production activities. There was a significant positive correlation between Hg and Sb, but there was no correlation between these elements and other elements. The main source of Ni was probably natural input.