汽修行业挥发性有机物排放与控制现状及对策

在工业源挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染得到有效控制后,包括汽修业在内的生活源VOCs污染问题开始凸显.通过对我国汽修业的行业整体现状、VOCs排放组分和排放水平进行了梳理分析,在北京实地调研和检测的基础上估算了我国汽修业VOCs整体排放量约为91.02万t;其次,对汽修企业VOCs治理现状进行了分析和总结:对于漆雾前处理而言,组合式干式过滤法最为有效,现阶段VOCs废气治理技术以等离子、UV光解和活性炭吸附等处理方式为主,部分省市吸附处理法占比均超过50％,但更换不及时,去除效率普遍偏低;再次,系统梳理了国内外汽修涉VOCs原辅料中VOCs限值要求和我国现有各省市汽修行业VOCs排放标准,中国水性涂料中底漆和面漆VOCs含量限值要求远高于国外,国内汽修行业VOCs排放标准限值以北京、江苏和上海这3个省市最为严格,均为20 mg·m-3.最后,归纳提出了汽修业VOCs整体治理技术路线:对于规模以上汽修企业或区域整体治理而言,现阶段可选择"面漆水性化替代+集中钣喷中心+转轮吸附浓缩-催化燃烧脱附再生"的治理方案,对于较为分散且规模较小的汽修企业,VOCs防治宜采用"面漆水性化替代+活性炭分散吸附-共享式催化燃烧脱附再生"的治理技术路线.

Volatile Organic Compounds in the Vehicle Repairing Industry of China: Emission, Management, Purification, and Policy

With regards to the prevention and control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the living sources, including the auto repair industry, will become increasingly important after industrial sources of VOCs are under effective control. This study first introduced the pollution status of the auto repair industry in China, which includes the detailed components and pollution levels as well as the emissions of the overall VOCs in the auto repair industry (9.1×10⁵ t) based on the field investigation and tests carried out in Beijing. Secondly, the current situation of VOCs treatments in the auto repair industry was analyzed. For the pretreatment of paint mist, the combined dry filter was the most effective. At present, the current treatments of VOCs include plasma, UV oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, etc. The ratio of activated carbon adsorption in some provinces and cities was greater than 50%; however, the removal efficiency was generally low due to the untimely replacement. Thirdly, the VOCs content limits of automobile repair paints at home and abroad and the emission standards of the automobile repair industry were systematically discussed, indicating that the VOCs content limits of primers and topcoats in China were much lower than those in other countries. Beijing, Jiangsu, and Shanghai had the most stringent VOCs emissions standards (20 mg·m^-3) of the automobile repair industry. Finally, the treatment route-line of VOCs in the auto repair industry was proposed. For large-scale repair enterprises or treatments on a regional scale, the combined "surface paint water-based substitution+centralized spray center+molecular sieve concentration-catalytic combustion" procedure should be implemented. For the small and scattered treatments, "surface paint water-based substitution+activated carbon adsorption-shared catalytic combustion" might be adapted.