不同畜禽养殖场中气载抗生素抗性基因的污染特征与季节性变化

由于大量的抗生素被用于畜禽养殖行业，畜禽养殖场中的抗生素抗性基因 (ARGs，Antibiotic resistance genes) 问题正逐渐变得严重。为调查畜禽养殖场中气载ARGs的污染特征及季节性变化，分别在冬季和夏季采集陕西省渭南市养猪场和养鸡场的空气和粪便样品，分析不同种类气载ARGs的污染水平及ARGs与环境因子的相关性。结果表明：畜禽养殖场空气中主要检出的ARGs类型为万古霉素类抗性基因、MLSB类抗性基因、四环素类抗性基因、FCA类抗性基因；在不同类型养殖场中气载ARGs总浓度趋势为养鸡场>养猪场，且养鸡场中每种ARGs浓度比养猪场中高约2个数量级；在不同季节养殖场中，气载ARGs总浓度趋势为冬季>夏季，且每种ARGs在冬季均高于夏季2~3个数量级。Pearson相关性分析结果表明，养殖场中气载ARGs总浓度与PM_2.5呈显著相关 (P<0.05) ，与其他环境因子无显著相关性。本研究成果可为控制畜禽养殖场中气载ARGs污染的传播及防控提供参考。

Pollution characteristics and seasonal variation of airborne antibiotic resistance genes in different livestock farms

In recent years, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock farms have attracted widespread attention due to the massive use of antibiotics. In this study, in order to investigate the pollution characteristics and seasonal changes of airborne ARGs in livestock farms, air and fecal samples were collected from pig farms and chicken farms in Weinan, Shaanxi Province in winter and summer, respectively. The pollution levels of airborne ARGs and the correlation between ARGs and environmental factors in all samples were analyzed. The results showed that the main types of airborne ARGs detected in livestock farms were vancomycin resistance genes, MLSB resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes and FCA resistance genes. The total concentration of airborne ARGs in different types of farms was higher in chicken farms than in pig farms, and the concentration of ARGs in chicken farms was about 2 orders of magnitude higher than that in pig farms. The total concentration trend of airborne ARGs in different seasons was: winter > summer, and the concentration of ARGs in winter was 2~3 orders of magnitude higher than that in summer. In addition, pearson correlation analysis showed that the total concentration of ARGs in air was positive correlated with PM2.5 (P<0.05), but had no significant correlation with other environmental factors.