基于综合指数的湖北省耕地质量变化分析

在综合界定耕地质量内涵的基础上,构建了耕地质量变化的评价指标体系和评估模型,以此为基础,对1995—2005年湖北省耕地质量的动态变化进行了分析。研究表明:湖北省耕地综合质量变化总体呈现波动上升趋势,但体现耕地综合质量的耕地本底质量、经济质量与生态质量变化差异显著。耕地本底质量自20世纪90年代中期到本世纪初变化平缓,整体波动较小;耕地经济质量在1995—1999年间提升迅速,2000年后基本保持平稳,但最近几年有波动下降的趋势;耕地生态质量自20世纪90年代中期以来呈缓慢下降趋势,近几年下降趋势有所缓和;耕地综合质量在1999年之前平稳上升,之后又呈现缓慢下降趋势。影响湖北省耕地综合质量变化的主导因子是耕地的经济质量与生态质量的波动,这与不同时期湖北省社会经济与资源环境发展的侧重有关,而耕地的本底质量变化对耕地综合质量变化的影响较小。研究采用的综合指数法能较全面地体现区域耕地质量变化的综合特点,且能反映区域耕地质量变化的一般过程。

An Analysis on the Variation of Farmland Quality Using an Integrated Index Approach in Hubei Province

An integrated indices system for the evaluation of farmland quality was built based on the definition of farmland quality connotation. Using this method, the dynamic change of farmland quality between 1995 and 2005 in Hubei Province was analyzed. The research results indicated that the comprehensive quality of farmland in Hubei Province shows an increasing trend although it varied from year to year. The components of the comprehensive farmland quality, i.e., the background quality, economic quality and ecological quality varied differently. The farmland background quality performed a slow and gentle change from 1995 to 2005 with a small annual variation; the economic quality increased markedly from 1995 to 1999, and then showed a downward trend after 1999; the ecological quality showed a steady downward trend with the decreasing rate reduced in recent years; and the comprehensive quality kept a stable increasing trend before 1999,and then decreased from then on. The leading factors that induced the farmland comprehensive quality change are economical quality and ecological quality, due to changes related to different socio-economic and resource environment management during the different phase of development in Hubei Province. In contrast, the background quality had little effect on the change of comprehensive farmland quality. The method developed in this study can comprehensively reflect characteristics and process of farmland quality changes.