贵州高原水库浮游动物分布特征及影响因子——以阿哈水库为例

为研究贵州高原阿哈水库浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系，基于综合营养状态指数、生物多样性指数、RDA（冗余分析）等方法，于2017年11月（枯水期）、2018年4月（平水期）、2018年7月（丰水期）对浮游动物及水环境理化指标进行了调查分析.结果表明：（1）共检出浮游动物38种，其中轮虫25种，枝角类9种，桡足类4种；优势种包括螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）、曲腿龟甲轮虫（Keratella valga）和矩形龟甲轮虫（Keratella quadrata）等13种；浮游动物枯水期、平水期和丰水期丰度分别为105.47，120.65，524.64ind./L，生物量分别为1.40，0.37，1.61mg/L，其最大值均出现在丰水期.（2）多样性指数时空分布差异显著，其中Shannon-Wiener指数（H'）、Margalef指数（D）均值分别为2.52和1.63.（3）冗余分析及主成分分析结果表明，水温、营养盐是影响浮游动物群落变化的主要环境因子.综合后生浮游动物优势种、生物多样性指数及TLI指数结果表明，阿哈水库水体已处于轻度富营养状态，水质处于中污染状态.

Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of metazooplankton in Aha Reservoir,Guizhou Province

In order to explore the community structure of zooplankton and the environmental factors at Aha Reservoir in Guizhou Province, the community composition and spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of zooplankton were analyzed combined with the comprehensive nutritional status index, biodiversity index and redundancy analysis (RDA). The water samples were collected among November 2017 (dry period), April 2018 (level period) and July 2018 (flood period). Total of thirty-eight metazooplankton species were identified which consisted of 25species of rotifers, 9species of cladocerans and 4species of copepod. The dominant species included Keratella cochlearis, Keratella valga, Keratella quadrata, etc. The abundance of zooplankton was among 105.47ind./L during the dry period, 120.65ind./L during the level period, 524.64ind./L during the flood period. Zooplankton biomass was 1.40mg/L (dry period), 0.37mg/L (level period) and 1.61mg/L (flood period) respectively. Additionally, the maximum values of zooplankton biomass appeared in the flood period. The spatial and temporal distribution of diversity index was significantly different and the mean values of shannon-wiener index (H') and Margalef index (D) were 2.52 and 1.63. The results of redundancy analysis and principal component analysis showed that water temperature and nutrient salt which affect the change of zooplankton community were the main environmental factors. The reservoir was in light eutrophication and moderate pollution based on the results from the dominant species of metazooplankton, biodiversity index and trophic state index.