基于DEA-Malmquist的我国城市生活垃圾管理效率评价

本文结合数据包络分析（Data Envelopment Analysis，DEA）和Malmquist指数方法，构建了涵盖减量化、资源化、无害化三大原则的指标体系，分析了我国城市2013~2017年生活垃圾管理效率的时空分异特征及其影响因素，探讨了资源化率对管理效率的影响.结果表明：全国城市生活垃圾管理效率较高，空间上呈现东高西低的特征.2013~2017年管理效率未得到有效提高，技术进步不足是生活垃圾管理效率的主要限制因素.不同类别城市的生活垃圾管理效率差异明显.北京、深圳、南京、青岛、重庆这些城市管理高效而且管理效率持续提高，其他城市管理效率仍有待提高.提高资源化率对管理效率提升的促进作用是有限的.研究最后提出，通过加强区域合作交流，推动技术创新发展，权衡社会经济和环境目标，实施差异化管理等建议，实现城市生活垃圾可持续管理.

Evaluation on the efficiency of municipal solid waste management in cities of China based on DEA-Malmquist

This study combined the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index to construct an index system covering the three principles of reduction, resources and harmless, and analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics and the influencing factors of municipal solid waste (MSW) management efficiency in China's cities from 2013 to 2017, then investigated the impact of resource utilization rate on management efficiency. Research results showed that the overall efficiency of MSW management in China's major cities was relatively high, with the spatial characteristics of high efficiency in east cities and low efficiency in west cities. The overall efficiency of MSW management during 2013~2017 was not improved mainly due to the lack of technology improvement. There were significant differences of MSW management efficiency in different types of cities. Cities with high management efficiency including Beijing, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Qingdao and Chongqing, and their management efficiency had been continually improved in these periods. However, the MSW management efficiency of other cities was opposite. Increasing resource utilization rate had limited impact on the improvement of management efficiency. Lastly, policies like strengthening regional cooperation and exchange, promoting the development of technological innovation, trading off socioeconomic and environmental goals, and implementing differentiated management were proposed for achieving MSW's sustainable management.