中国菌糠露天焚烧污染物排放时空分布特征

基于我国2000~2017年食用菌年产量数据，采用排放因子法估算了菌糠露天焚烧的污染物排放量，利用Mann-Kendall法和聚类分析法分析了排放量的时空分布特征，使用回归分析法预测了污染物的排放趋势.结果表明：（1）2000~2017年全国菌糠露天焚烧污染物排放量持续上升，PM_2.5、CO₂、CO、CH₄、NMVOCs、PAHs、NO_x、SO₂累积排放量分别为1.40×10⁶，3.48×10⁸，1.99×10⁷，8.43×10⁵，2.08×10⁶，3.00×10⁴，6.34×10⁵，8.29×10⁴t；（2）污染物排放量较高的省区包括山东、黑龙江、浙江、湖南、江苏、福建和河南，排放量较低的省区包括贵州、宁夏、天津、北京、新疆、重庆、甘肃；（3）预计2021年菌糠焚烧污染物总排放量高达4.25×10⁷t，其对生物质焚烧污染物总排放量的贡献率约为19.82%.我国菌糠露天焚烧污染物排放规模较大，应予以重点关注.

The spatiotemporal distribution of pollutant emissions from open burning of spent mushroom substrate in China

In this study, the air pollutants emitted from open burning of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) were estimated by using emission factor approach based on the total annual mushroom yields from 2000 to 2017. The spatial-temporal distribution of pollutant emissions was investigated with Mann-Kendall method and cluster analysis. Furthermore, the annual pollutant emission was predicted with regression analysis. The results showed that atmospheric pollutant emissions from SMS open burning had increased significantly from 2000 to 2017, and the accumulative emissions of specific PM_2.5, CO₂, CO, CH₄, NMVOCs, PAHs, NO_x, SO₂ were 1.40×10⁶, 3.48×10⁸, 1.99×10⁷, 8.43×10⁵, 2.08×10⁶, 3.00×10⁴, 6.34×10⁵, 8.29×10⁴t, respectively. The relative high atmospheric pollutant emissions were found from Shandong, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Fujian and Henan, while low emissions were found from Guizhou, Ningxia, Tianjin, Beijing, Xinjiang, Chongqing and Gansu. According to regression result, total emission was estimated to increase to 4.25×10⁷t in 2021, which would account for 19.82% of the total pollutant emissions from total biomass burning. These results suggested that pollutant emissions from SMS open burning in China had increased rapidly in recent years, and it is urgent to consider policies to mitigate the emissions.