粤港澳大湾区红树林湿地鸟类生态健康评价——以深圳湾为例

基于层次分析法构建了红树林湿地鸟类生态健康评价指标体系，并以深圳湾福田红树林湿地为例评价了粤港澳大湾区红树林湿地鸟类生态健康.结果表明：红树林湿地鸟类生态健康评价功能层指标的权重为：栖息地适宜性指数（0.443） > 栖息地重要性指数 （0.283） > 栖息地环境风险指数（0.181） > 鸟类群落健康指数（0.094）；9个鸟类生态健康指标的权重和赋值分别为鸟类多样性（0.094，4）、栖息地重要性（0.283，3）、土地退化（0.147，3）、噪声（0.074，1）、光污染（0.074，4）、建筑物影响（0.148，2）、重金属污染（0.089，5）、有机污染暴露（0.056，2）和生物入侵（0.035，4）；深圳湾福田红树林湿地鸟类生态健康综合指数为3，处于“亚健康”状态，即当前栖息地适宜性下降，存在一定的环境风险.结合深圳湾的生态现状，建议建立鸟类动态监测网络，促进科学高效的鸟类保护决策的形成，加强城市噪音管制，降低人为活动的直接影响，提升红树林湿地鸟类生境适宜性；同时，加强环境监测力度，严控污染物排放，降低环境风险，整体提升红树林湿地鸟类生态健康水平.

Bird ecological health assessment of mangrove wetland in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: A case study of Shenzhen Bay

An indicator system for bird ecological heath assessment of mangrove wetland was developed based on the Analytic hierarchy process, and Futian mangrove wetland of Shenzhen Bay was used as an example to evaluate the bird ecological health of mangrove wetland in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The results show that: the weights of the functional layer indicators of the bird ecological health assessment of mangrove wetland are: Habitat suitability index (0.443) > habitat importance index (0.283) > habitat environmental risk Index (0.181) > bird community health index (0.094). The weights and assignments of the nine bird ecological health indicators are: bird diversity (0.094,4), habitat importance (0.283,3), land degradation (0.147,3), noise (0.074,1), light pollution (0.074,4), building impact (0.148,2), heavy metal pollution (0.089,5), organic pollution exposure (0.056,2) and biological invasion (0.035,4). The health comprehensive index (HCI) of the birds in Futian mangrove wetland was 3, which is generally in a “sub-health” state, indicating that the suitability of current habitat had been deteriorated and there were certain environmental risks. Based on the current ecological status of Shenzhen Bay, some suggestions for bird protection are proposed: establish a bird dynamic monitoring network to promote scientific and efficient bird protection decision-making; strengthen urban noise control and reduce the direct impact of human activities to improve habitat suitability; reinforce the monitor and control of pollutant discharge to reduce environmental risks; and improve the overall ecological health of mangrove wetland birds.