厦门湾海洋塑料垃圾对中华白海豚的摄食风险评价

以厦门湾为研究区域，借鉴相对风险模型评价海洋塑料垃圾对中华白海豚可能产生的摄食风险.以4类不同尺寸的海洋塑料垃圾作为风险源、以中华白海豚作为风险受体，利用GIS中的空间分析工具，评价和量化厦门湾摄食性塑料垃圾对该区域中华白海豚的风险及其时空分布.识别高风险的塑料垃圾类型、高风险区域和高风险季节.结果表明：不同尺寸的海洋塑料垃圾对中华白海豚构成的潜在生态风险不同，其中小型和中型垃圾的风险较高.塑料垃圾对中华白海豚的生态风险呈现出明显的时间和空间差异，夏季和冬季是风险高值相对集中的季节，夏季的高风险主要是因为受到台风和旅游业等影响造成海洋垃圾源强较高，冬季的高风险则与中华白海豚在此季节最为活跃有关；高风险区域主要分布于塑料垃圾和中华白海豚密度分布重叠较高的位置，夏季的高风险区域分布于大嶝以及九龙江口的鸡屿附近海域，冬季的高风险区域分布于西海域以南水域和九龙江口的鸡屿附近水域.研究成果可为厦门湾中华白海豚的保护管理提供决策依据.

Risk assessment formarine plastic debris ingestion by Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen Bay,China

Marine plastic debris pollution is a global environmental issue. Due to the persistence and universality of plastics debris pollution in marine environment, its impact on marine biodiversity has attracted a worldwide attention. In this paper, Relative Risk Model was applied to assess the potential ecological risk of marine plastic debris on Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) in Xiamen Bay. Four different sizes of plastic debris were defined as risk sources and S.chinensiswas defined as risk receptors.Spatial analysis tools in GIS were used to evaluate and quantify the ingestion risk of plastic debris on S.chinensisandits spatiotemporal distribution. The debris size and impacted area withhigh-risk types, as well as the drivers for high-risk were also identified. The results showed that different sizes of marine plastic debrishad a different potentialecological risk to S.chinensis, with small and medium plastic debris had a higher risk than that of large debris. The spatial and seasonal differences were significantin the ecological risk of debris on S.chinensis. Higher risks were found in summer and winter,this is mainly because of high debris loading due to intensive typhoon and tourism activities in summer, and astronger activity of S.chinensis in Winter. The highest riskswere found in the waters of Dadeng Island and Jiuyu Island in summer, while in winter the highest risks were found in the waters of south of Xiamen Western Seaand Jiuyu in Jiulong River Estuary in winter. The results can provide information to support the decision-making for the managementof S.chinensis conservation in Xiamen Bay.