炉渣与生物炭施加对稻田土壤细菌多样性及群落组成的影响

以福州平原稻田为试验基地，通过设置对照组、炉渣施加组、生物炭施加组、炉渣与生物炭混施组，探究它们对稻田土壤细菌相对丰度、多样性、群落组成的影响.结果发现，在晚稻生长期，废弃物施加处理条件下细菌群落多样性有所提高，与对照相比，生物炭、炉渣处理组细菌多样性指数分别提高了2.55%、3.21%.早稻混施组与早稻对照组之间的群落结构差异最大，晚稻生物炭施加组与晚稻对照组之间的差异最大.废弃物施加处理均提高了早稻芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度，降低了晚稻芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度，但晚稻中Bacillus占比始终高于早稻.环境因子对稻田土壤细菌相对丰度有显著影响，其中，芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）相对丰度与稻田土壤pH值呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.建议在晚稻生长期可进行表层废弃物单独施加管理，以通过微生物多样性的增加，改良土壤、提高土壤肥力并达到增产的效果，而对于早稻未来可尝试废弃物深施方式，并探讨其生态影响.

Effect of the slag and biochar application on bacterial diversity and community composition of paddy field

This paper took the paddy field in Fuzhou Plain as the experimental base, and explored their effects on the relative abundance, diversity and community composition of soil bacteria in paddy field by setting up control group, slag application group, biochar application group, slag and biochar mixed application group. In the growth period of late rice, the diversity of bacterial community increased under the condition of waste application, compared with the control group, the bacterial diversity index of biochar and slag application group increased by 2.55% and 3.21% respectively. The difference in community structure between the early paddy mixed application group and the early paddy control group was the largest, and the difference between the late paddy biochar application group and the late paddy control group was the largest. The waste application treatment both increased the relative abundance of Bacillus in early paddy soil and decreased the relative abundance of Bacillus in late paddy soil, but the proportion of Bacillus in late paddy was always higher than that in early paddy. Environmental factors also had significant effects on the relative abundance of soil bacteria in paddy fields. Among them, the relative abundance of Bacillus was significantly positively correlated with the pH of paddy soil (P<0.01). Surface wastes can be managed separately during the growing period of late rice, so as to improve soil, improve soil fertility and achieve the effect of increasing yield through increasing microbial diversity. For early rice, deep application of wastes can be tried in the future, and its ecological impact can be explored.