滇东镉高背景区菜地土壤健康风险评价与基准

以滇东土壤-蔬菜系统为研究对象，通过土壤-蔬菜点位协同采样，分析了菜地土壤和不同蔬菜中Cd的积累特征及健康风险状况，并应用物种敏感度分布曲线（SSD）法，拟合出土壤Cd污染的健康风险值.结果表明：滇东菜地土壤中镉的累积量中有60.3%的样点超过了污染筛选值，曲靖市的土壤Cd质量分数平均值较高；不同类别蔬菜吸收富集镉的能力不同，叶菜类和根茎类蔬菜对Cd有较强的吸收富集能力，超标率也相对较高，研究区采集到的23种蔬菜中出现镉超标的蔬菜有11种，但蔬菜总的超标率为18%；健康风险评价结果显示无论是对成人还是儿童均不存在非致癌健康风险，3类蔬菜的风险大小依次为叶菜类 > 根茎类 > 茄果（辣椒）类，研究区蔬菜中Cd对成人和儿童均不存在健康风险，儿童的Cd暴露风险高于成人；滇东蔬菜健康风险基准值是基于保护95%及5%的蔬菜品种安全所得的土壤风险值，种植根茎类蔬菜时，HC₅=0.35mg/kg、HC₉₅=2.8mg/kg；种植辣椒类蔬菜时，HC₅=0.15mg/kg、HC₉₅=8.7mg/kg；种植叶菜类蔬菜时，HC₅=0.36mg/kg、HC₉₅=13.8mg/kg.

A benchmark study on soil health risks of vegetable fields in a high-cadmium background area in eastern Yunnan

This paper studied accumulation characteristics and health risk status of cadmium (Cd) in the soil and different vegetables in soil-vegetable systems in east Yunnan, China, a high Cd background area, with samples collected through the point-to-point collaborative sampling method. The cadmium health risk benchmark of vegetable soil was also derived with species sensitivity distribution curve (SSD) method. There were 60.3% of the sampling sites for the cadmium accumulation in the soil of vegetable fields exceeded the soil screening value, and higher average values of soil Cd mass fraction were found in Qujing prefecture. The adsorption and accumulation abilities of Cd were found to vary by types of vegetables. Leafy vegetables and rhizome vegetables had strong abilities to absorb and enrich Cd, and the percentage of exceeding standards was relatively high. Among 23kinds of vegetables collected in the study area, there were 11kinds of vegetables which exceeded the Cd standard, the total percentage of vegetable samples exceeding the standard was 18%. The health risk assessment showed that there were no non-cancer risk for both the adults and children, the risk levels for three vegetables were leafy vegetables > rhizomes > solanaceous fruits. Cd in the vegetables had no health risk for adults and children in the study area, although the exposure risk for children was higher than that for adults; Based on the principle of protecting 95% and 5% vegetable varieties, the vegetable health risk criteria were developed for various vegetables. When planting root vegetables, HC₅=0.35mg/kg, HC₉₅=2.8mg/kg; When planting pepper vegetables, HC₅=0.15mg/kg, HC₉₅=8.7mg/kg; when planting leafy vegetables, HC₅=0.36mg/kg, HC₉₅=13.8mg/kg.