基于监测统计的垃圾收运车恶臭污染释放特征

为了明确生活垃圾初期收运过程中恶臭物质的释放特征,对典型垃圾收运压缩车和非压缩车展开了为期一年的监测.共检出了6大类别75种恶臭物质,其中以乙醇为主的含氧化合物浓度最高,平均检出浓度超过360μg/m³.垃圾初期收运车辆释放的恶臭物质在秋季污染水平最高,而冬季污染水平较低.通过对全部样品进行统计分析发现,压缩车与非压缩车释放恶臭物质的种类与浓度之间并无明显差异.根据阈稀释倍数法,乙醇、萘、二氯甲烷、二甲二硫醚和丙烯醛被筛选为典型恶臭物质.其中含硫化合物嗅阈值低,即使浓度很低也容易被感受到,在检测过程需要格外关注.本研究可为固体废物收运与管理过程的二次污染控制提供科学依据.

Releasing characteristics of odor pollution from collection and transportation vehicles for municipal solid waste based on monitoring and statistics

In order to reveal the characteristics of odorous compounds released during the collection and transportation of municipal solid waste, typical compression and uncompressed vehicles for waste collection were monitored for 12months. 75kinds of odorous compounds were detected and classified into 6categories, among which the oxygenated compounds dominated by ethanol accounted for the highest proportion in concentration with the average concentration of higher than 360μg/m³. The corresponding odor pollution was more significant in autumn than that in winter. According to the statistical analysis of all the monitored data, there was no significant difference in type and concentration of odorous compounds between the compressed and uncompressed vehicles for waste collection. Five typical odorous compounds, including ethanol, naphthalene, dichloromethane, dimethyl disulfide and acrolein, were identified by using dilution multiple method. Due to the low olfactory threshold, the sulfur compounds can easily be detected by human even in very low concentrations, and should be paid more attention to during odor pollution control. This study provides important scientific information for the secondary pollution control of solid waste collection, transportation and management.