三峡水库蓄水前长江口生态与环境

长江三峡工程举世瞩目，引起国内外各方面极大关注。河口是大河的末端，是淡水和海水交汇的水域，所以环境因子复杂多变。河口的许多重要理化特征和生物特征都具有其特殊性，使河口生态环境形成一个结构复杂、功能独特的生态系统，该系统表现为既脆弱又敏感。在长江干流上兴建巨大的水利枢纽工程，其生态环境效应除了在库区及中、下游外，必然也会涉及到河口甚至邻近海域。为探讨三峡工程对长江河口生态环境的影响，于1998~2001年对长江口及其临近水域展开综合调查。根据调查数据，结合历史资料对三峡水库蓄水前的长江口及邻近海域水文物理、沉积环境、水化学、初级生产力、浮游生物、底栖生物和渔业资源进行了全面分析，并进一步阐明了长江口生态环境与长江入海径流量间的关系;提供了三峡水库蓄水前长江口生态与环境的基础资料，对长江口生态系统健康度作出评价，为长江口生态环境保护与可持续发展奠定了良好的基础。

ENVIRONMENT OF THE CHANGJIANG ESTUARY BEFORE THE SLUICE CONSTRUCTION IN THE THREE GORGES RESERVOIR

The Three Gorges Project draws world wide attentions. As the freshwater flows into the sea, environmental factors in estuary are changeable. The special physical, chemical and biological characteristics in estuary make it a complex and functional ecosystem, but sensitive and being weak. The construction of such a gigantic project on the mainstream may act on the environment not only in the reservoir, the middle and low reaches of the river, but also in the estuary and its adjoining sea. It is necessary to study the effects caused by the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir. In order to understand the influence by the Three Gorges Project and supply basal information of estuary environment before sluice, a study was carried out on the Changjiang Estuary and its adjoining area from 1998 to 2001. This paper discussed mainly the influence by the Three Gorges Project on estuary environment of the Changjiang River. This paper analyses the hydrophysics, deposit environment, hydrochemistry, primary productivity, plankton, benthon and fishery resources of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjoining area, and further the relationship between the environment and runoff of the Changjiang Estuary.