化学与工程措施强化重金属污染土壤植物修复

作为植物修复的辅助措施,化学方法强化与工程技术强化能有效提高土壤重金属污染的修复效率.综述了化学方法与工程技术强化重金属污染土壤植物修复的研究进展,重点讨论了络合强化技术和基因工程技术用于强化植物修复的基本原理、相关化学物质或基因、主要技术步骤、存在问题以及解决方法,并在此基础上提出了今后研究的展望.

Chemical and engineering measures applied to enhancing the phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils

Owing to serious soil pollution with heavy metal, much attention has been paid to phytoextraction of contaminated soil. However, since lots of complicated soil environment factors and plant factors may confine the efficiency of phytoextraction, a series of chemical and engineering measures are to be taken to enhance the phytoextraction, Though chelate-enhanced phytoremediation has been studied in many other papers, there are still lots of problems and uncertainties, in spite of the fact that most of chelate-induced phytoremediation studies did produce remarkable enhancing effect. From our study, it has been found that problems with chelate-assisted phytoremediation can be solved through selecting proper chelators and applying methods and making certain leaching-prevented measures. Combining traditional soil pollution remediation technology with phytoremediation, electrokinetic enhancement and surfactant enhancement have been used recently to assist phytoremediation. The use of genetic engineering to enhancing phytoremediation has great potential. Transferring the genes involved in heavy metal tolerance and accumulation into target plants can improved their phytoremediation traits. In order to reduce the probability of the spread of gene-transformation activities from a genetically modified crop to the typical natural plant populations and the gene-transformed plants entering into our food chains, we can choose biological encapsulation strategy and non-crop plants which are repulsive to herbivores. The paper has also summarized recent advances in chemical and engineering technologies as strengthening technologies for phytoremediation. The basic principles, involved chelators and genes, main technological procedures, problems and solutions of chemical and engineering enhancement have been discussed. The paper also provides some prospects for the field.