实施环境-水文-生态-经济协同管理战略,保护和修复长江湖泊群生态环境

长江中下游浅水湖泊群具有十分重要的生态服务功能。然而,该湖群正面临江湖阻隔和富营养化等严重威胁。近年来,湖泊生态环境的保护和修复越来越受到重视,但治理效果不甚明显。其根本原因是:对由流域诸多胁迫导致的湖泊问题缺乏系统全面的认识,导致头痛医头、脚痛医脚。为此,本文提出应对长江湖群实施环境-水文-生态-经济协同管理战略,即在湖泊及其流域实施环境工程以控制入湖污染,实施生态水文工程以恢复自然水文体制,实施生态修复工程以增强生物自净能力,制定水环境经济制度以建立湖泊保护修复的激励和约束机制,构建生态健康评价体系以实施适应性管理,前提是责任主体明确。

HOLISTIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGY: INTEGRATE ENVIRONMENTAL-HYDROLOGICAL-ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC MEASURES TO CONSERVE AND REHABILITATE THE YANGTZE LAKE ECOSYSTEMS

The mid lower Yangtze shallow lakes have important functions of ecological services. However, these lakes are threatened by multiple stressors such as river lake isolation and eutrophication. In recent years, conservation and rehabilitation of the ecological environments of lakes have received more and more attentions. However, the strategies of lake management taken are not as effective as expected. The fundamental underlying cause is lack of a systematic understanding on the lake problems which are actually an embodiment of various stresses in the whole catchments. Because of this, stopgap measures have been widely applied to solve the problems of lakes. This paper therefore proposed an environmental-hydrological-ecological-economical synergetic managing strategy to conserve and rehabilitate the ecological environments of Yangtze lakes: to apply environmental engineering in lakes and their catchments to control the pollutant loading to lakes, eco hydrological engineering to recover the natural hydrological regimes, and ecological rehabilitating engineering to strengthen the self purification abilities of organisms; to establish an incentive and restraining mechanism for conservation and rehabilitation of lakes based on an economic system of water environment, and establish an assessment system of ecological health for adaptive management. The premise of the synergetic managing strategy is to clarify the subjects of responsibility