中国不同发展阶段地区环境可持续性状态与趋势研究

中国不同地区发展水平存在较大的差异．面临的环境问题和可持续发展的优先领域也不同。因此．可持续发展评价与政策制定需要与区域发晨实际相结合。选取上海、德州和固原三个地区作为中国发达、发展中和欠发达地区的代表．选择可操作和可比性强的指标．基子压力-状态-响应模型．构建了环境可持续性趋势系数．对比不同发展水平地区环境发展的状态、趋势和存在的主要问题。得出以下结论：近20年来．虽然中国总体环境保护能力有了一定的提高．但污染物排放压力持续增长．环境质量普遍恶化的趋势没有得到根本改变;上海、德州和固原环境可持续性趋势系数分别为0．82、0．55和0．45．发达地区环境可持续性最强．发展中地区一般．欠发达地区量差;目前我国环境政策领域往往注重经济发展的“两极”：高度发达地区和欠发达地区,本文的研究结果表明。面积占全国67％、人口占全国40％的发展中地区环境问题最为突出。

Status and Trend Index of Environmental Sustainable Development in Various Regions and Development Levels

There are a great difference among the east,the mid and the west of China.So different problems and priorities of sustainable development were faced in various regions.Thus sustainable development assessment and policy making should take full consideration of local situation.So it is of great value to study status and trend index of sustainable development in various regions and development levels.Three areas(Shanghai,Dezhou and Guyuan) were chosen standing for different development levels in different regions.Based on the model of pressure-state-response,the author put forward the status and trend index of environmental sustainable development,and applied it into the national and regional levels and finally analyzed the main environmental problems of different regions. Then got the following conclusions:Pollution pressure is getting serious though improvement has been made made in the environmental protection capacity.So the situation of environmental deterioration in the whole country was not thoroughly changed.The trend indexes of environmental sustainable development in the developed,developing and under-developing regions are from bigger to smaller.Shanghai,Dezhou,Guyuan are 0.82,0.55,0.45 respectinely.At present,China's environmental policies mainly focused on the "bipolar" areas of the highly developed and the developing regions,while,the result of this study showed that developing regions of China,which account for 67% of the whole land area of China and 40% of population of China,has serious environmental problems the fast developing regions should be the focus of environmental planning and management.