臭氧污染胁迫对农作物生长与产量的影响

对国内外近地层大气的臭氧污染现状进行讨论，综述臭氧对农作物生长的影响。作物受O3伤害最典型的症状为叶片上散布棕色或黄褐色的细密点状斑、坏死斑。在O3的胁迫下，作物呼吸作用增强，光合作用受抑制。O3对叶片膜保护系统、气孔开度、氮代谢、糖类、脂类和其它物质的代谢也有影响。O3对农作物产生危害的同时，也往往导致农作物产量下降。

Review of crops damaged and yield loss by ozone stress

With the development of industrialization and urbanization, an increase of the tropospheric O3 concentration at a striking rate, O3 pollution induced more seriously adverse effects on crops. O3 forming photochemical smog is the most danger and widespread component in the atmospheric pollution. Research on the impacts of O3 on plants, especially on crops, has been already a key subject in the field of ecology. Tropospheric O3 pollution in China and other countries at present, as well as effects of O3 on crops growth is discussed in this paper. Open-top chambers (OTCs) was often used to study the impacts of O3 on crops growth. The elevated O3 exposure resultes in typical visible foliar injury symptoms such as small yellowish or brown dots, necrotic flecks, chlorotic leaves and shrinkages. With the increase in O3 volume fraction, respiration rate of crops increases, but photosynthesis rate decreases significantly. Leaf membrane protective system, stoma response, nitrogen metabolize, saccharide metabolize, fat metabolize and so on, are affected by O3 stress. Crops damaged by O3 resultes in decrease in yield.