High resolution exposure modelling of heat and air pollution and the impact on mortality |
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| Institution: | 1. Air Quality Department, DCMR Environmental Protection Agency Rijnmond, P.O. Box 843, 3100 AV Schiedam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands;3. Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Princetonlaan 6, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Postbus 70032, 3000 LP Rotterdam, The Netherlands;5. School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK;1. University of Nicosia Research Foundation, University of Nicosia, 49 Makedonitissas Ave, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus;2. Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, GR-68200 Orestiada, Greece;3. Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece;4. Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxon OX11 0RQ, United Kingdom;5. Cyprus Centre for European and International Affairs, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus;1. School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, China;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai, China;3. Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China;4. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;5. Department of Cardiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China;6. Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China;7. Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People''s Hospital, Guangzhou, China;8. Department of Cardiology, Peking University People''s Hospital, Beijing, China;9. Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of the PLA Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, China;10. Department of Cardiology, Wuhan ASIA Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China;11. Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China;12. Department of Cardiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, China;13. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People''s Hospital, Shanghai, China;14. Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;15. Department of Emergency, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China;p. Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China;q. Department of Epidemiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China;r. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., New York, 10591, USA;s. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;t. Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;u. Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;v. Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;w. Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China;x. Children''s Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children''s Health, Shanghai, China |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundElevated temperature and air pollution have been associated with increased mortality. Exposure to heat and air pollution, as well as the density of vulnerable groups varies within cities. The objective was to investigate the extent of neighbourhood differences in mortality risk due to heat and air pollution in a city with a temperate maritime climate.MethodsA case-crossover design was used to study associations between heat, air pollution and mortality. Different thermal indicators and air pollutants (PM10, NO2, O3) were reconstructed at high spatial resolution to improve exposure classification. Daily exposures were linked to individual mortality cases over a 15 year period.ResultsSignificant interaction between maximum air temperature (Tamax) and PM10 was observed. During “summer smog” days (Tamax > 25 °C and PM10 > 50 μg/m3), the mortality risk at lag 2 was 7% higher compared to the reference (Tamax 15 °C and PM10 15 μg/m3). Persons above age 85 living alone were at highest risk.ConclusionWe found significant synergistic effects of high temperatures and air pollution on mortality. Single living elderly were the most vulnerable group. Due to spatial differences in temperature and air pollution, mortality risks varied substantially between neighbourhoods, with a difference up to 7%. |
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