Prenatal exposure to perfluorinated compounds affects thyroid hormone levels in newborn girls |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea;2. National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea;3. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;4. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University,Seoul, South Korea;5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea;6. Department of Preventive Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea;1. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;2. Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA;3. Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA;4. Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia;5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12144-3445, USA;6. Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene and Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan;7. Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan;8. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostic Clinic, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Sykehusveien 38, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway;2. Department of Environmental Chemistry, NILU — Norwegian Institute of Air Research, Fram Centre, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, NO-296 Tromsø, Norway;3. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, NO-019 Tromsø, Norway;4. Endocrine Research Group, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, NO-9019 Tromsø, Norway;1. Andalusian Health and Environment Observatory (OSMAN), Andalusian School of Public Health, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Cuesta del Observatorio, 4, 18011 Granada, Spain;2. Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020 Valencia, Spain;3. Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain;4. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitous in the environment and have been detected in humans and wildlife. Exposure to PFCs has decreased in the United States recently, while exposure to PFCs continues in Asian countries, which represents a public health concern. Various mechanisms by which PFCs affect fetal growth have been proposed, such as activation of peroxisome proliferators, disruption of thyroid hormones and changes in lipid metabolism. However, the overall evidence for an association with thyroid hormones is not strong. Therefore, we examined the effect of various prenatal PFCs on cord blood thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and explored the endocrine disrupting effect of these PFCs on thyroid hormone levels in children according to gender. Two hundred and seventy-nine study participants were selected from among the enrolled participants in the Ewha Birth & Growth Retrospective Cohort, a retrospective birth cohort study conducted at Ewha Womans University Hospital, Seoul, Korea between 2006 and 2010. A generalized linear model was constructed to explore the association of PFCs and thyroid hormones. Further, an analysis stratified by gender was conducted. Our study shows that cord blood perfluoro n-pentanoic acid (PFPeA) was positively associated with cord blood T4 (p = 0.01) level. Gender-specific analysis showed that prenatal PFCs: PFPeA and Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) exposure significantly increased T4 (p < 0.01) and T3 (p = 0.03), respectively, while perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) decreased TSH (p = 0.04) concentration in newborn girls. Thus, prenatal PFC exposure may disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in fetal development and may have gender specific action. Hence, these results are of utmost importance in high-risk groups, such as pregnant women and children. |
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