Acute respiratory response to traffic-related air pollution during physical activity performance |
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| Institution: | 1. ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain;2. Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, PGS Toxicology and Environmental Protection, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany;3. Biological Safety & Risk Management, Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland;4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;5. Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain;6. Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA;7. Physical Activity and Sports Sciences Department, Fundació Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain;1. Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal-CREAL), Barcelona, Spain;2. Center for Energy Development and Health, Colorado State University, CO, USA;3. Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA;4. Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, UK;5. Centre for Epidemiology and Screening, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;6. Biological Safety & Risk Management Working Group, Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland;7. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;8. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain;1. Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;2. Sports Center, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil;3. School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;4. Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain;5. Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;6. Pro-Sangue Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;7. Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil;8. Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education (DAEFI), Technological Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;9. Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;10. Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;11. Universitat de Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain;12. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) has beneficial, whereas exposure to traffic related air pollution (TRAP) has adverse, respiratory effects. Few studies, however, have examined if the acute effects of TRAP upon respiratory outcomes are modified depending on the level of PA.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to disentangle acute effects of TRAP and PA upon respiratory outcomes and assess the impact of participants TRAP pre-exposure.MethodsWe conducted a real-world crossover study with repeated measures of 30 healthy adults. Participants completed four 2-h exposure scenarios that included either rest or intermittent exercise in high- and low-traffic environments. Measures of respiratory function were collected at three time points. Pre-exposure to TRAP was ascertained from land-use-modeled address-attributed values. Mixed-effects models were used to estimate the impact of TRAP and PA on respiratory measures as well as potential effect modifications.ResultsWe found that PA was associated with a statistically significant increases of FEV1 (48.5 mL, p = 0.02), FEV1/FVC (0.64%, p = 0.005) and FEF25–75% (97.8 mL, p = 0.02). An increase in exposure to one unit (1 μg/m3) of PMcoarse was associated with a decrease in FEV1 (? 1.31 mL, p = 0.02) and FVC (? 1.71 mL, p = 0.01), respectively. On the other hand, for an otherwise equivalent exposure an increase of PA by one unit (1%Heart rate max) was found to reduce the immediate negative effects of particulate matter (PM) upon PEF (PM2.5, 0.02 L/min, p = 0.047; PM10, 0.02 L/min p = 0.02; PMcoarse, 0.03 L/min, p = 0.02) and the several hours delayed negative effects of PM upon FVC (PMcoarse, 0.11 mL, p = 0.02). The negative impact of exposure to TRAP constituents on FEV1/FVC and PEF was attenuated in those participants with higher TRAP pre-exposure levels.ConclusionsOur results suggest that associations between various pollutant exposures and respiratory measures are modified by the level of PA during exposure and TRAP pre-exposure of participants. |
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