Neighborhood deprivation,race/ethnicity,and urinary metal concentrations among young girls in California |
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| Institution: | 1. National Cancer Institute, Health Systems and Interventions Research Branch, Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, BG 9609 RM 3E502 MSC 9712, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850-9712, United States;2. National Cancer Institute, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, BG 9609 RM 6E124 MSC 9771, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850-9771, United States;3. University of California at Berkeley, School of Public Health, Department of Community Health and Human Development, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, United States;4. California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Investigations Branch, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Building P, 3rd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804, United States;5. University of California at San Francisco, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Box 0560, San Francisco, CA 94143-0560, United States;6. Kaiser Permanente, Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612, United States;1. Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;2. Department of Pediatrics, US Department of Agriculture Children''s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;1. School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;2. Oil and POPs Research Group, South Sea Institute of Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea;3. Marine Ecosystem and Environment Research Division, Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan 425-600, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;2. Department of Pediatrics, Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;3. Department or Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;4. Ministry of Health, Republic of Seychelles, Victoria, Seychelles;5. Department of Dentistry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;6. Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;7. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;8. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;9. Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;10. Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA;11. Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAlthough metals can adversely impact children's health, the distribution of exposures to many metals, particularly among vulnerable subpopulations, is not well characterized.ObjectivesWe sought to determine whether neighborhood deprivation was associated with urinary concentrations of thirteen metals and whether observed relationships varied by race/ethnicity.MethodsWe obtained neighborhood characteristics from the 2005–2009 American Community Survey. Demographic information and urine samples from 400 healthy young girls in Northern California were obtained during a clinical visit. Urine samples were analyzed for metals using inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and levels were corrected for creatinine. We ran analysis of variance and generalized linear regression models to estimate associations of urinary metal concentrations with neighborhood deprivation and race/ethnicity and stratified multivariable models to evaluate possible interactions among predictors on metals concentrations.ResultsUrinary concentrations of three metals (barium, lead, antimony) varied significantly across neighborhood deprivation quartiles, and four (barium, lead, antimony, tin) varied across race/ethnicity groups. In models adjusted for family income and cotinine, both race/ethnicity (F3,224 = 4.34, p = 0.01) and neighborhood deprivation (F3,224 = 4.32, p = 0.01) were associated with antimony concentrations, but neither were associated with lead, barium, or tin, concentrations. Examining neighborhood deprivation within race/ethnicity groups, barium levels (pinteraction < 0.01) decreased with neighborhood deprivation among Hispanic girls (ptrend < 0.001) and lead levels (pinteraction = 0.06) increased with neighborhood deprivation among Asian girls (ptrend = 0.04).ConclusionsOur results indicate that children's vulnerability to some metals varies by neighborhood deprivation quartile and race/ethnicity. These differential distributions of exposures may contribute to environmental health disparities later in life. |
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