Respiratory hospital admissions in young children living near metal smelters,pulp mills and oil refineries in two Canadian provinces |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Quebec Institute of Public Health, Québec, Canada;2. British Columbia Center for Disease Control, British Columbia, Canada;3. Montreal Public Health Department, Québec, Canada;4. Healthy Environments & Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Canada;5. Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;6. Public Health Research Institute, University of Montreal, Canada;1. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 115 27 Athens, Greece;2. Department of Primary Care & Public Health Sciences and Environmental Research Group, King''s College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, UK;1. Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST), Shanghai, China;2. Tongji Architectural Design (Group) Company Limited (TJAD), Shanghai, China;3. Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center (SEMC), Shanghai, China;4. R&B Technology (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai, China;5. Department of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China;6. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China;7. Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China;1. Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;2. Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China |
| |
| Abstract: | BackgroundIndustrial plants emit air pollutants like fine particles (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) that may affect the health of individuals living nearby.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of community exposure to air emissions of PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 from pulp mills, oil refineries, metal smelters, on respiratory hospital admissions in young children in Quebec (QC) and British Columbia (BC), Canada.MethodsWe assessed QC, BC and pooled associations between the following estimates of exposure and hospital admissions for asthma and bronchiolitis in children aged 2–4 years for the years 2002–2010: i) Crude emission exposures at the residential postal codes of children, calculated by multiplying estimated daily emissions of PM2.5, SO2, or NO2 from all nearby (< 7.5 km) pulp mills, oil refineries, metal smelters emitting yearly ≥ 50 t and their total emissions, by the percent of the day each postal code was downwind; ii) Daily levels of these pollutants at central ambient monitoring stations nearby the industries and the children's residences.ResultsSeventy-one major industries were selected between QC and BC, with a total of 2868 cases included in our analyses. More cases were exposed to emissions from major industries in QC than in BC (e.g. 2505 admissions near SO2 industrial emitters in QC vs 334 in BC), although air pollutant levels were similar. Odds ratios (ORs) for crude refinery and smelter emissions were positive in QC but more variable in BC. For example with PM2.5 in QC, ORs were 1.13 per 0.15 t/day (95% CI: 1.00–1.27) and 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99–1.07) for refinery and smelter emissions, respectively. Pooled results of QC and BC for crude total SO2 emissions from all sources indicated a 1% increase (0–3%) in odds of hospital admissions per 1.50 t/day increase in exposure. Associations with measured pollutant levels were only seen in BC, with SO2 and NO2.ConclusionHospital admissions for wheezing diseases in young children were associated with community exposure to industrial air pollutant emissions. Future work is needed to better assess the risk of exposure to complex mixture of air pollutants from multiple industrial sources. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
