Toxicity assessment using different bioassays and microbial biosensors |
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| Institution: | 1. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, New Valley Branch, 72511 Al-Kharja, Egypt;2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;3. Assiut University Mycological Centre (AUMC), Assiut, Egypt;4. National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIFO), 11516 Cairo, Egypt;5. Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 200-701 Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea;1. Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;2. IBB—Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;3. IMAR—Instituto do Mar & MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Toxicity assessment of water streams, wastewater, and contaminated sediments, is a very important part of environmental pollution monitoring. Evaluation of biological effects using a rapid, sensitive and cost effective method can indicate specific information on ecotoxicity assessment. Recently, different biological assays for toxicity assessment based on higher and lower organisms such as fish, invertebrates, plants and algal cells, and microbial bioassays have been used. This review focuses on microbial biosensors as an analytical device for environmental, food, and biomedical applications. Different techniques which are commonly used in microbial biosensing include amperometry, potentiometry, conductometry, voltammetry, microbial fuel cells, fluorescence, bioluminescence, and colorimetry. Examples of the use of different microbial biosensors in assessing a variety of environments are summarized. |
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